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Processing long contexts presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). While recent advancements allow LLMs to handle much longer contexts than before (e.g., 32K or 128K tokens), it is computationally expensive and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Kelong Mao , Defu Lian , Zhicheng Dou , Tiejun Huang

The first-stage retrieval aims to retrieve a subset of candidate documents from a huge collection both effectively and efficiently. Since various matching patterns can exist between queries and relevant documents, previous work tries to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yinqiong Cai , Yixing Fan , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Wei Chen , Ruqing Zhang , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework for incorporating external knowledge, usually in the form of a set of documents retrieved from a collection, as a part of a prompt to a large language model (LLM) to potentially improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Fangzheng Tian , Debasis Ganguly , Craig Macdonald

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise in machine translation, but they still struggle with contextually dependent terms, such as new or domain-specific words. This leads to inconsistencies and errors that are difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Meiqi Chen , Fandong Meng , Yingxue Zhang , Yan Zhang , Jie Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) achieve optimal utility when their responses are grounded in external knowledge sources. However, real-world documents, such as annual reports, scientific papers, and clinical guidelines, frequently combine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chi Zhang , Qiyang Chen , Mengqi Zhang

Resume screening is a critical yet time-intensive process in talent acquisition, requiring recruiters to analyze vast volume of job applications while remaining objective, accurate, and fair. With the advancements in Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Frank P. -W. Lo , Jianing Qiu , Zeyu Wang , Haibao Yu , Yeming Chen , Gao Zhang , Benny Lo

Retrieval-augmented large language models (R-LLMs) combine pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to improve the accuracy of factual question-answering. However, current libraries for building R-LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yasuto Hoshi , Daisuke Miyashita , Youyang Ng , Kento Tatsuno , Yasuhiro Morioka , Osamu Torii , Jun Deguchi

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly applied to tasks requiring structured reasoning, tool use, and environmental adaptation, such as data manipulation, multistep planning, and computer-use automation. However, despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shashank Kirtania , Param Biyani , Priyanshu Gupta , Yasharth Bajpai , Roshni Iyer , Sumit Gulwani , Gustavo Soares

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides an effective yet efficient solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLM). The modular and plug-and-play nature of LoRA enables the integration of diverse domain-specific LoRAs to enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ziyu Zhao , Leilei Gan , Guoyin Wang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Hongxia Yang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Large language models (LLMs) augmented with external data have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in completing real-world tasks. Techniques for integrating external data into LLMs, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Siyun Zhao , Yuqing Yang , Zilong Wang , Zhiyuan He , Luna K. Qiu , Lili Qiu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become an essential approach for extending the reasoning and knowledge capacity of large language models (LLMs). While prior research has primarily focused on retrieval quality and prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiamin Chen , Yuchen Li , Xinyu Ma , Xinran Chen , Xiaokun Zhang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chen Ma , Dawei Yin

Recent advances in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) furnish large language models (LLMs) with iterative retrievals of relevant information to handle complex multi-hop questions. These methods typically alternate between LLM reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rui Li , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

Speech recognition systems often face challenges due to domain mismatch, particularly in real-world applications where domain-specific data is unavailable because of data accessibility and confidentiality constraints. Inspired by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Peng Shen , Xugang Lu , Hisashi Kawai

Autonomous web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in completing complex browser tasks, yet they still struggle with long-horizon workflows. A key bottleneck is the grounding gap in existing skill formulations:…

Generating high-quality answers consistently by providing contextual information embedded in the prompt passed to the Large Language Model (LLM) is dependent on the quality of information retrieval. As the corpus of contextual information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Sai Ganesh , Anupam Purwar , Gautam B

Deep search agents have proven effective in enhancing LLMs by retrieving external knowledge during multi-step reasoning. However, existing methods often generate a single query for retrieval at each reasoning step, limiting information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiabei Liu , Wenyu Mao , Junfei Tan , Chunxu Shen , Lingling Yi , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang

Synthetic data rephrasing has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing knowledge acquisition during large language model (LLM) pretraining. However, existing approaches operate at the single-document level, rewriting individual web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiang Zhou , Yunhao Wang , Xing Wu , Tinghao Yu , Feng Zhang

Smartphones have become indispensable in people's daily lives, permeating nearly every aspect of modern society. With the continuous advancement of large language models (LLMs), numerous LLM-based mobile agents have emerged. These agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Gowen Loo , Chang Liu , Qinghong Yin , Xiang Chen , Jiawei Chen , Jingyuan Zhang , Yu Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with long-context reasoning, not only due to the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with sequence length but also because of the scarcity and expense of annotating long-context data. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Linda He , Jue Wang , Maurice Weber , Shang Zhu , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang

Content analysis breaks down complex and unstructured texts into theory-informed numerical categories. Particularly, in social science, this process usually relies on multiple rounds of manual annotation, domain expert discussion, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Chengshuai Zhao , Zhen Tan , Chau-Wai Wong , Xinyan Zhao , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu