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Optimal decision-making under partial observability requires reasoning about the uncertainty of the environment's hidden state. However, most reinforcement learning architectures handle partial observability with sequence models that have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Carlos E. Luis , Alessandro G. Bottero , Julia Vinogradska , Felix Berkenkamp , Jan Peters

This paper focuses on the state estimation problem in distributed sensor networks, where intermittent packet dropouts, corrupted observations, and unknown noise covariances coexist. To tackle this challenge, we formulate the joint…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Peng Sun , Ruoyu Wang , Xue Luo

The minimum error entropy (MEE) has been extensively used in unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to handle impulsive noises or abnormal measurement data in non-Gaussian systems. However, the MEE-UKF has poor numerical stability due to the inverse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Boyu Tian , Haiquan Zhao

Kalman Filter (KF) is widely used in various domains to perform sequential learning or variable estimation. In the context of autonomous vehicles, KF constitutes the core component of many Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Yuzhe Ma , Jon Sharp , Ruizhe Wang , Earlence Fernandes , Xiaojin Zhu

The filtering distribution in hidden Markov models evolves according to the law of a mean-field model in state-observation space. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approximates this mean-field model with an ensemble of interacting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-25 Eviatar Bach , Ricardo Baptista , Edoardo Calvello , Bohan Chen , Andrew Stuart

In this paper, we study the impact of stealthy attacks on the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) modeled as a stochastic linear system. An attack is characterised by a malicious injection into the system through input, output or both, and it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-06 Tianju Sui , Yilin Mo , Damián Marelli , Ximing Sun , Minyue Fu

Modern adversarial campaigns unfold as sequences of behavioural phases - Reconnaissance, Lateral Movement, Intrusion, and Exfiltration - each often indistinguishable from legitimate traffic when viewed in isolation. Existing intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Prakul Sunil Hiremath , PeerAhammad M Bagawan , Sahil Bhekane

This paper tackles the problem of making complex resource-constrained cyber-physical systems (CPS) resilient to sensor anomalies. In particular, we present a framework for checkpointing and roll-forward recovery of state-estimates in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Kaustubh Sridhar , Radoslav Ivanov , Vuk Lesi , Marcio Juliato , Manoj Sastry , Lily Yang , James Weimer , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

We present a framework for bridging the gap between sensor attack detection and recovery in cyber-physical systems. The proposed framework models modern-day, complex perception pipelines as bipartite graphs, which combined with anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Axel Andersson , György Dán

The problem of multisensor multitarget state estimation in the presence of constant but unknown sensor biases is investigated. The classical approach to this problem is to augment the state vector to include the states of all the targets…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-16 Jianxin Yi , Xianrong Wan , Deshi Li

Attacks in cyber-physical systems (CPS) which manipulate sensor readings can cause enormous physical damage if undetected. Detection of attacks on sensors is crucial to mitigate this issue. We study supervised regression as a means to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Amin Ghafouri , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Xenofon Koutsoukos

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a method for combining a dynamical model with data in a sequential fashion. Despite its widespread use, there has been little analysis of its theoretical properties. Many of the algorithmic innovations…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-17 D. T. B. Kelly , K. J. H. Law , A. M. Stuart

Because of physical assumptions and numerical approximations, low-order models are affected by uncertainties in the state and parameters, and by model biases. Model biases, also known as model errors or systematic errors, are difficult to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-10 Andrea Nóvoa , Alberto Racca , Luca Magri

This paper quantifies the security of uncertain interconnected systems under stealthy data injection attacks. In particular, we consider a large-scale system composed of a certain subsystem interconnected with an uncertain subsystem, where…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Anh Tung Nguyen , Sribalaji C. Anand , André M. H. Teixeira

This paper presents a secure safety filter design for nonlinear systems under sensor spoofing attacks. Existing approaches primarily focus on linear systems which limits their applications in real-world scenarios. In this work, we extend…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Xiao Tan , Pio Ong , Paulo Tabuada , Aaron D. Ames

This paper addresses the secure state estimation problem for continuous linear time-invariant systems with non-periodic and asynchronous sampled measurements, where the sensors need to transmit not only measurements but also sampling…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Zishuo Li , Anh Tung Nguyen , André M. H. Teixeira , Yilin Mo , Karl H. Johansson

Stealthy false data injection attacks on cyber-physical systems (CPSs) introduce erroneous measurement information to on-board sensors with the purpose to degrade system performance. An intelligent attacker is able to leverage knowledge of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-06 Paul J Bonczek , Nicola Bezzo

The Kalman filter (KF) is used in a variety of applications for computing the posterior distribution of latent states in a state space model. The model requires a linear relationship between states and observations. Extensions to the Kalman…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-31 Michael C. Burkhart , David M. Brandman , Carlos E. Vargas-Irwin , Matthew T. Harrison

Cyber-physical systems can be subject to sensor attacks, e.g., sensor spoofing, leading to unsafe behaviors. This paper addresses this problem in the context of linear systems when an omniscient attacker can spoof several system sensors at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Xiao Tan , Pio Ong , Paulo Tabuada , Aaron D. Ames

We propose a new extension of Kalman filtering for continuous-discrete systems with nonlinear state-space models that we name as the level set Kalman filter (LSKF). The LSKF assumes the probability distribution can be approximated as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Ningyuan Wang , Daniel B. Forger