English
Related papers

Related papers: Metis: Learning to Jailbreak LLMs via Self-Evolvin…

200 papers

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which integrate vision and other modalities into Large Language Models (LLMs), significantly enhance AI capabilities but also introduce new security vulnerabilities. By exploiting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Aofan Liu , Lulu Tang , Ting Pan , Yuguo Yin , Bin Wang , Ao Yang

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success, their vulnerability to adversarial perturbations, including recent jailbreak attacks, has raised considerable concerns. However, the increasing size of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Jiabao Ji , Bairu Hou , Zhen Zhang , Guanhua Zhang , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li , Yang Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Sijia Liu , Shiyu Chang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to impressive alignment where models learn to distinguish harmful from harmless queries through supervised finetuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jiahao Yu , Haozheng Luo , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Wenbo Guo , Han Liu , Xinyu Xing

Despite the implementation of safety alignment strategies, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which undermine these safety guardrails and pose significant security threats. Some defenses have been proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Shenyi Zhang , Yuchen Zhai , Keyan Guo , Hongxin Hu , Shengnan Guo , Zheng Fang , Lingchen Zhao , Chao Shen , Cong Wang , Qian Wang

Current large-language models (LLMs) typically adopt a fixed reasoning strategy, either simple or complex, for all questions, regardless of their difficulty. This neglect of variation in task and reasoning process complexity leads to an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yi Wang , Junxiao Liu , Shimao Zhang , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das

Recent research indicates that large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks that can generate harmful content. This paper introduces a novel token-level attack method, Adaptive Dense-to-Sparse Constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Kai Hu , Weichen Yu , Yining Li , Kai Chen , Tianjun Yao , Xiang Li , Wenhe Liu , Lijun Yu , Zhiqiang Shen , Matt Fredrikson

Unlike regular tokens derived from existing text corpora, special tokens are artificially created to annotate structured conversations during the fine-tuning process of Large Language Models (LLMs). Serving as metadata of training data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wentian Zhu , Zhen Xiang , Wei Niu , Le Guan

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs). A considerable amount of research exists proposing more effective jailbreak attacks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Yang Liu , Ning Liu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite its efficacy, RLVR faces a meta-learning bottleneck: it lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Shiting Huang , Zecheng Li , Yu Zeng , Qingnan Ren , Zhen Fang , Qisheng Su , Kou Shi , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Feng Zhao

Large Language Models face security threats from jailbreak attacks. Existing research has predominantly focused on prompt-level attacks while largely ignoring the underexplored attack surface of user-controlled response prefilling. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yakai Li , Jiekang Hu , Weiduan Sang , Luping Ma , Dongsheng Nie , Weijuan Zhang , Aimin Yu , Yi Su , Qingjia Huang , Qihang Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in a wide range of applications, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks that circumvent their safety guardrails. Existing evaluation frameworks typically report binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zvi Topol

Recent work showed Best-of-N (BoN) jailbreaking using repeated use of random augmentations (such as capitalization, punctuation, etc) is effective against all major large language models (LLMs). We have found that $100\%$ of the BoN paper's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Stuart Armstrong , Matija Franklin , Connor Stevens , Rebecca Gorman

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has underscored concerns regarding their security vulnerabilities, notably against jailbreak attacks, where adversaries design jailbreak prompts to circumvent safety mechanisms for potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yingchaojie Feng , Zhizhang Chen , Zhining Kang , Sijia Wang , Haoyu Tian , Wei Zhang , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

Red-teaming is a common practice for mitigating unsafe behaviors in Large Language Models (LLMs), which involves thoroughly assessing LLMs to identify potential flaws and addressing them with responsible and accurate responses. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Suyu Ge , Chunting Zhou , Rui Hou , Madian Khabsa , Yi-Chia Wang , Qifan Wang , Jiawei Han , Yuning Mao

Jailbreaks have been a central focus of research regarding the safety and reliability of large language models (LLMs), yet the mechanisms underlying these attacks remain poorly understood. While previous studies have predominantly relied on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Nathalie Kirch , Constantin Weisser , Severin Field , Helen Yannakoudakis , Stephen Casper

Safety mechanisms for large language models (LLMs) remain predominantly English-centric, creating systematic vulnerabilities in multilingual deployment. Prior work shows that translating malicious prompts into other languages can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shirin Alanova , Bogdan Minko , Sabrina Sadiekh , Evgeniy Kokuykin

Prior work on jailbreak detection has established the importance of adversarial robustness for LLMs but has largely focused on the model ability to resist adversarial inputs and to output safe content, rather than the effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hadrien Mariaccia , Charbel-Raphaël Segerie , Diego Dorn

Background: While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved widespread adoption, malicious prompt engineering specifically "jailbreak attacks" poses severe security risks by inducing models to bypass internal safety mechanisms. Current…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chutian Huang , Dake Cao , Jiacheng Ji , Yunlou Fan , Chengze Yan , Hanhui Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to social-engineered attacks that are human-interpretable but require a high level of comprehension for LLMs to counteract. Existing defensive measures can only mitigate less than half of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Canaan Yung , Hadi Mohaghegh Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie
‹ Prev 1 8 9 10 Next ›