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Memory corruption errors in C/C++ programs remain the most common source of security vulnerabilities in today's systems. Control-flow hijacking attacks exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities to divert program execution away from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Nathan Burow , Scott A. Carr , Joseph Nash , Per Larsen , Michael Franz , Stefan Brunthaler , Mathias Payer

Analyzing the behavior of a program running on a processor that supports speculative execution is crucial for applications such as execution time estimation and side channel detection. Unfortunately, existing static analysis techniques…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Meng Wu , Chao Wang

Transferable backdoors pose a severe threat to the Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) supply chain, yet defensive research remains nascent, primarily relying on detecting anomalies in the output feature space. We identify a critical flaw…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Tianhang Zhao , Wei Du , Haodong Zhao , Sufeng Duan , Gongshen Liu

Recent security vulnerabilities that target speculative execution (e.g., Spectre) present a significant challenge for processor design. The highly publicized vulnerability uses speculative execution to learn victim secrets by changing cache…

Spectre vulnerabilities violate our fundamental assumptions about architectural abstractions, allowing attackers to steal sensitive data despite previously state-of-the-art countermeasures. To defend against Spectre, developers of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Sunjay Cauligi , Craig Disselkoen , Daniel Moghimi , Gilles Barthe , Deian Stefan

Secure compilation prevents all low-level attacks on compiled code and allows for sound reasoning about security in the source language. In this work we propose a new attacker model for secure compilation that extends the well-known notion…

Recent attacks have broken process isolation by exploiting microarchitectural side channels that allow indirect access to shared microarchitectural state. Enclaves strengthen the process abstraction to restore isolation guarantees. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Thomas Bourgeat , Ilia Lebedev , Andrew Wright , Sizhuo Zhang , Arvind , Srinivas Devadas

Speculative attacks such as Spectre can leak secret information without being discovered by the operating system. Speculative execution vulnerabilities are finicky and deep in the sense that to exploit them, it requires intensive manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Evan Lai , Wenjie Xiong , Edward Suh , Mohit Tiwari , Mulong Luo

Task-based programming models have demonstrated their efficiency in the development of scientific applications on modern high-performance platforms. They allow delegation of the management of parallelization to the runtime system (RS),…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Bérenger Bramas

We present uSpectre, a new class of transient execution attacks that exploit microcode branch mispredictions to transiently leak sensitive data. We find that many long-known and recently-discovered transient execution attacks, which were…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Nicholas Mosier , Hamed Nemati , John C. Mitchell , Caroline Trippel

A recent discovery of a new class of microarchitectural attacks called Spectre picked up the attention of the security community as these attacks can circumvent many traditional mechanisms of defense. One of the attacks---Bounds Check…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Oleksii Oleksenko , Bohdan Trach , Tobias Reiher , Mark Silberstein , Christof Fetzer

The efficacy of address space layout randomization has been formally demonstrated in a shared-memory model by Abadi et al., contingent on specific assumptions about victim programs. However, modern operating systems, implementing layout…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Davide Davoli , Martin Avanzini , Tamara Rezk

Attackers can access sensitive information of programs by exploiting the side-effects of speculatively-executed instructions using Spectre attacks. To mitigate theses attacks, popular compilers deployed a wide range of countermeasures. The…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Marco Patrignani , Marco Guarnieri

Techniques for verifying or invalidating the security of computer systems have come a long way in recent years. Extremely sophisticated tools are available to specify and formally verify the behavior of a system and, at the same time,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Matteo Busi , Riccardo Focardi , Flaminia Luccio

We propose using reinforcement learning to address the challenges of discovering microarchitectural vulnerabilities, such as Spectre and Meltdown, which exploit subtle interactions in modern processors. Traditional methods like random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 M. Caner Tol , Kemal Derya , Berk Sunar

Spectre and Meltdown attacks and their variants exploit hardware performance optimization features to cause security breaches. Secret information is accessed and leaked through covert or side channels. New attack variants keep appearing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Zecheng He , Guangyuan Hu , Ruby Lee

Temporal memory corruptions are commonly exploited software vulnerabilities that can lead to powerful attacks. Despite significant progress made by decades of research on mitigation techniques, existing countermeasures fall short due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Reza Mirzazade Farkhani , Mansour Ahmadi , Long Lu

Modern computer processors use microarchitectural optimization mechanisms to improve performance. As a downside, such optimizations are prone to introducing side-channel vulnerabilities. Speculative loading of memory, called prefetching, is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Till Schlüter , Nils Ole Tippenhauer

Speculative execution is crucial in enhancing modern processor performance but can introduce Spectre-type vulnerabilities that may leak sensitive information. Detecting Spectre gadgets from programs has been a research focus to enhance the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Fangzheng Lin , Zhongfa Wang , Hiroshi Sasaki

Cache side channel attacks are increasingly alarming in modern processors due to the recent emergence of Spectre and Meltdown attacks. A typical attack performs intentional cache access and manipulates cache states to leak secrets by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Luyi Li , Jiayi Huang , Lang Feng , Zhongfeng Wang
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