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Molecular editing aims to modify a given molecule to optimize desired chemical properties while preserving structural similarity. However, current approaches typically rely on string-based or continuous representations, which fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuanxin Zhuang , Dazhong Shen , Ying Sun

Molecular optimization is a fundamental goal in the chemical sciences and is of central interest to drug and material design. In recent years, significant progress has been made in solving challenging problems across various aspects of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Wenhao Gao , Tianfan Fu , Jimeng Sun , Connor W. Coley

Molecular optimization is a central task in drug discovery that requires precise structural reasoning and domain knowledge. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating high-level editing intentions in natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Wenyu Zhu , Chengzhu Li , Xiaohe Tian , Yifan Wang , Yinjun Jia , Jianhui Wang , Bowen Gao , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Machine learning methods have been used to accelerate the molecule optimization process. However, efficient search for optimized molecules satisfying several properties with scarce labeled data remains a challenge for machine learning…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-20 Xin Xia , Yansen Su , Chunhou Zheng , Xiangxiang Zeng

Large language models possess strong chemical reasoning capabilities, making them effective molecular editors. However, property-relevant information is implicitly entangled across their dense hidden states, providing no explicit handle for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingxu Zhang , Yuhan Li , Lujundong Li , Dazhong Shen , Hui Xiong , Ying Sun

Optimizing the structure of molecules to achieve desired properties is a central bottleneck across the chemical sciences, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry where it underlies the discovery of new drugs. Since molecular property…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Fabian P. Krüger , Andrea Hunklinger , Adrian Wolny , Tim J. Adler , Igor Tetko , Santiago David Villalba

Molecule optimization is a critical step in drug development to improve desired properties of drug candidates through chemical modification. We developed a novel deep generative model Modof over molecular graphs for molecule optimization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Ziqi Chen , Martin Renqiang Min , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Xia Ning

Generating a novel and optimized molecule with desired chemical properties is an essential part of the drug discovery process. Failure to meet one of the required properties can frequently lead to failure in a clinical test which is costly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Bonggun Shin , Sungsoo Park , JinYeong Bak , Joyce C. Ho

Molecular search phenomena are observed in a variety of chemical and biological systems. During the search the participating particles frequently move in complex inhomogeneous environments with random transitions between different dynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-13 Jaeoh Shin , Anatoly B. Kolomeisky

We consider a step search method for continuous optimization under a stochastic setting where the function values and gradients are available only through inexact probabilistic zeroth- and first-order oracles. Unlike the stochastic gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-03 Billy Jin , Katya Scheinberg , Miaolan Xie

Generating high-performance CUDA kernels remains challenging due to the need to navigate a combinatorial space of low-level transformations under noisy and expensive hardware feedback. Although large language models can synthesize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Arijit Bhattacharjee , Heng Ping , Son Vu Le , Paul Bogdan , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Ali Jannesari

Protein sequence optimization under tight oracle budgets requires methods that explore vast combinatorial spaces while making each evaluation informative. Existing reinforcement learning and off-policy generative approaches often degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ashima Khanna , Dominik Grimm

Molecular optimization, which aims to discover improved molecules from a vast chemical search space, is a critical step in chemical development. Various artificial intelligence technologies have demonstrated high effectiveness and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Xin Xia , Yajie Zhang , Xiangxiang Zeng , Xingyi Zhang , Chunhou Zheng , Yansen Su

The top search results matching a user query that are displayed on the first page are critical to the effectiveness and perception of a search system. A search ranking system typically orders the results by independent query-document scores…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Yipeng Zhang , Mingjian Lu , Saratchandra Indrakanti , Manojkumar Rangasamy Kannadasan , Abraham Bagherjeiran

Optimization is central to both modern machine learning (ML) and scientific machine learning (SciML), yet the structure of the underlying optimization problems differs substantially across these domains. Classical ML typically relies on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Alena Kopaničáková , Elisa Riccietti

Molecule optimization is about generating molecule $Y$ with more desirable properties based on an input molecule $X$. The state-of-the-art approaches partition the molecules into a large set of substructures $S$ and grow the new molecule…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Tianfan Fu , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

As we rapidly approach the frontiers of ultra large computing resources, software optimization is becoming of paramount interest to scientific application developers interested in efficiently leveraging all available on-Node computing…

Molecular optimization seeks to improve a molecule through small structural edits while preserving similarity to the starting compound. Recent language-model approaches typically treat this task as prompt-conditioned sequence generation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingchuan Zhang , He Cao , Hao Li , Yanjun Shao , Zhiyuan Liu , Shihang Wang , Shufang Xie , Shenghua Gao , Xinwu Ye

In drug discovery, molecular optimization aims to iteratively refine a lead compound to improve molecular properties while preserving structural similarity to the original molecule. However, each oracle evaluation is expensive, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ziqing Wang , Yibo Wen , Abhishek Pandy , Han Liu , Kaize Ding

Molecular optimization is a key challenge in drug discovery and material science domain, involving the design of molecules with desired properties. Existing methods focus predominantly on single-property optimization, necessitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Jay Chaudhary , Ji Wei Yoon , Senthilnath Jayavelu
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