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Developing robotic agents that can perform well in diverse environments while showing a variety of behaviors is a key challenge in AI and robotics. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods often create agents that specialize in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Octi Zhang , Quanquan Peng , Rosario Scalise , Bryon Boots

To communicate with new partners in new contexts, humans rapidly form new linguistic conventions. Recent neural language models are able to comprehend and produce the existing conventions present in their training data, but are not able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Robert D. Hawkins , Minae Kwon , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

As intents unfold and environments change, multi-turn agents face continuously shifting decision contexts. Although reusing past experience is intuitively appealing, existing approaches remain limited: full trajectories are often too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Sijia Li , Yuchen Huang , Zifan Liu , Zijian Li , Jingjing fu , Lei Song , Jiang Bian , Jun Zhang , Rui Wang

Open-ended self-improving agents can autonomously modify their own structural designs to advance their capabilities and overcome the limits of pre-defined architectures, thus reducing reliance on human intervention. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaotian Weng , Antonis Antoniades , Deepak Nathani , Zhen Zhang , Xiao Pu , Xin Eric Wang

Conventional agent systems often struggle in open-ended environments where task distributions continuously drift and external supervision is scarce. Their reliance on static toolsets or offline training lags behind these dynamics, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Haotian Li , Shijun Yang , Weizhen Qi , Silei Zhao , Rui Hua , Mingzhu Song , Xiaojian Yang , Chao Peng

In order for agents trained by deep reinforcement learning to work alongside humans in realistic settings, we will need to ensure that the agents are \emph{robust}. Since the real world is very diverse, and human behavior often changes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Paul Knott , Micah Carroll , Sam Devlin , Kamil Ciosek , Katja Hofmann , A. D. Dragan , Rohin Shah

While theory and practice are often seen as separate domains, this article shows that theoretical insight is essential for overcoming real-world engineering barriers. We begin with a practical challenge: training a cross-morphology embodied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Shaoshan Liu , Fan Wang , Hongjun Zhou , Yuanfeng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved into agentic systems capable of autonomous tool use and multi-step reasoning for complex problem-solving. However, post-training approaches building upon general-purpose foundation models…

Autonomous agents have made great strides in specialist domains like Atari games and Go. However, they typically learn tabula rasa in isolated environments with limited and manually conceived objectives, thus failing to generalize across a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Linxi Fan , Guanzhi Wang , Yunfan Jiang , Ajay Mandlekar , Yuncong Yang , Haoyi Zhu , Andrew Tang , De-An Huang , Yuke Zhu , Anima Anandkumar

Existing memory systems for language agents address memory management: how to retrieve and page more information within a context budget. We address a complementary problem -- memory utility: what experience is worth keeping, and how it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 James Rhodes , George Kang

Agentic coding tools, such as OpenAI Codex, Claude Code, and Cursor, are transforming the software engineering landscape. These AI-powered systems function as autonomous teammates capable of planning and executing complex development tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kosei Horikawa , Hao Li , Yutaro Kashiwa , Bram Adams , Hajimu Iida , Ahmed E. Hassan

While Large Language Models (LLMs) enable complex autonomous behavior, current agents remain constrained by static, human-designed prompts that limit adaptability. Existing self-improving frameworks attempt to bridge this gap but typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xinmeng Hou , Peiliang Gong , Bohao Qu , Wuqi Wang , Qing Guo , Yang Liu

Large Language Models produce a controllability gap in safety-critical engineering: even low rates of undetected constraint violations render a system undeployable. Current orchestration paradigms suffer from sycophantic compliance, context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tianbao Zhang

Current large language models (LLMs) are constrained by human-derived training data and limited by a single level of abstraction that impedes definitive truth judgments. This paper introduces a novel framework in which AI models…

The recent rapid advancement of machine learning has been driven by increasingly powerful models with the growing availability of training data and computational resources. However, real-time decision-making tasks with limited time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Lingyu Zhang , Zhengran Ji , Nicholas R Waytowich , Boyuan Chen

While embodied agents have made significant progress in performing complex physical tasks, real-world applications demand more than pure task execution. The agents must collaborate with unfamiliar agents and human users, whose goals are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuanfei Wang , Xinju Huang , Fangwei Zhong , Yaodong Yang , Yizhou Wang , Yuanpei Chen , Hao Dong

Ideally, we would place a robot in a real-world environment and leave it there improving on its own by gathering more experience autonomously. However, algorithms for autonomous robotic learning have been challenging to realize in the real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Max Balsells , Marcel Torne , Zihan Wang , Samedh Desai , Pulkit Agrawal , Abhishek Gupta

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for solving robotic manipulation tasks. However, it is challenging to apply the RL algorithms directly in the real world. For one thing, RL is data-intensive and typically requires…

In the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game, agents play with each other and update their strategies in every generation according to some microscopic dynamical rule. In its spatial version, agents do not play with every other but,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-03-08 Luis G. Moyano , Angel Sánchez

Static "human data" faces inherent limitations: it is expensive to scale and bounded by the knowledge of its creators. Continuous learning from "experience data" - interactions between agents and their environments - promises to transcend…