English
Related papers

Related papers: Yeti: A compact protein structure tokenizer for re…

200 papers

The goal of protein representation learning is to extract knowledge from protein databases that can be applied to various protein-related downstream tasks. Although protein sequence, structure, and function are the three key modalities for…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Eunji Ko , Seul Lee , Minseon Kim , Dongki Kim

Multimodal approaches that integrate protein structure and sequence have achieved remarkable success in protein-protein interface prediction. However, extending these methods to protein-peptide interactions remains challenging due to the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Dian Chen , Yunkai Chen , Tong Lin , Sijie Chen , Xiaolin Cheng

Audio tokenization has emerged as a critical component in end-to-end audio language models, enabling efficient discrete representation learning for both audio understanding and generation tasks. However, existing audio tokenizers face…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Xiangyu Zhang , Benjamin John Southwell , Siqi Pan , Xinlei Niu , Beena Ahmed , Julien Epps

Modeling visual data as tokens (i.e., image patches) using attention mechanisms, feed-forward networks or convolutions has been highly effective in recent years. Such methods usually have a common pipeline: a tokenization method, followed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Kumara Kahatapitiya , Michael S. Ryoo

Recommender systems traditionally represent items using unique identifiers (ItemIDs), but this approach struggles with large, dynamic item corpora and sparse long-tail data, limiting scalability and generalization. Semantic IDs, derived…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Xu , Moyu Zhang , Chenxuan Li , Zhihao Liao , Haibo Xing , Hao Deng , Jinxin Hu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang

Large language model (LLM) tokenizers act as structured compressors: by mapping text to discrete token sequences, they determine token count (and thus compute and context usage) and the statistical structure seen by downstream models.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mete Erdogan , Abhiram Gorle , Shubham Chandak , Mert Pilanci , Tsachy Weissman

Haydi (http://haydi.readthedocs.io) is a framework for generating discrete structures. It provides a way to define a structure from basic building blocks and then enumerate all elements, all non-isomorphic elements, or generate random…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Stanislav Böhm , Jakub Beránek , Martin Šurkovský

Unifying multimodal understanding, generation and reconstruction representation in a single tokenizer remains a key challenge in building unified models. Previous research predominantly attempts to address this in a dual encoder paradigm,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sinan Du , Jiahao Guo , Bo Li , Shuhao Cui , Zhengzhuo Xu , Yifu Luo , Yongxian Wei , Kun Gai , Xinggang Wang , Kai Wu , Chun Yuan

Current machine learning models for vision are often highly specialized and limited to a single modality and task. In contrast, recent large language models exhibit a wide range of capabilities, hinting at a possibility for similarly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 David Mizrahi , Roman Bachmann , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , Teresa Yeo , Mingfei Gao , Afshin Dehghan , Amir Zamir

Protein design has become a critical method in advancing significant potential for various applications such as drug development and enzyme engineering. However, protein design methods utilizing large language models with solely pretraining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Xiao-Yu Guo , Yi-Fan Li , Yuan Liu , Xiaoyong Pan , Hong-Bin Shen

Most existing image tokenizers encode images into a fixed number of tokens or patches, overlooking the inherent variability in image complexity. To address this, we introduce Content-Adaptive Tokenizer (CAT), which dynamically adjusts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Junhong Shen , Kushal Tirumala , Michihiro Yasunaga , Ishan Misra , Luke Zettlemoyer , Lili Yu , Chunting Zhou

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of protein foundation models, significantly improving performance in protein prediction and generative tasks ranging from 3D structure prediction and protein design to conformational…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-08 Fei Ye , Zaixiang Zheng , Dongyu Xue , Yuning Shen , Lihao Wang , Yiming Ma , Yan Wang , Xinyou Wang , Xiangxin Zhou , Quanquan Gu

Current AI-assisted protein design mainly utilizes protein sequential and structural information. Meanwhile, there exists tremendous knowledge curated by humans in the text format describing proteins' high-level functionalities. Yet,…

Proteins are macromolecules that mediate a significant fraction of the cellular processes that underlie life. An important task in bioengineering is designing proteins with specific 3D structures and chemical properties which enable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-31 Namrata Anand , Tudor Achim

Generalizable person re-identification (Re-ID) is a very hot research topic in machine learning and computer vision, which plays a significant role in realistic scenarios due to its various applications in public security and video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Suncheng Xiang , Jingsheng Gao , Mengyuan Guan , Jiacheng Ruan , Chengfeng Zhou , Ting Liu , Dahong Qian , Yuzhuo Fu

Although text-to-image (T2I) models exhibit remarkable generation capabilities, they frequently fail to accurately bind semantically related objects or attributes in the input prompts; a challenge termed semantic binding. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Taihang Hu , Linxuan Li , Joost van de Weijer , Hongcheng Gao , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Kai Wang , Yaxing Wang

Efficient encoding and representation of large 3D molecular structures with high fidelity is critical for biomolecular design applications. Despite this, many representation learning approaches restrict themselves to modeling smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Andrew Liu , Axel Elaldi , Nathan Russell , Olivia Viessmann

MOTIVATION: Proteins fold into complex structures that are crucial for their biological functions. Experimental determination of protein structures is costly and therefore limited to a small fraction of all known proteins. Hence, different…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-18 David Menéndez Hurtado , Karolis Uziela , Arne Elofsson

In this work, we present a novel direction to build an image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model, which is a largely underexplored area. Specifically, we employ a frozen vision foundation model as the encoder of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anlin Zheng , Xin Wen , Xuanyang Zhang , Chuofan Ma , Tiancai Wang , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

3D structure modeling is essential across scales, enabling applications from fluid simulation and 3D reconstruction to protein folding and molecular docking. Yet, despite shared 3D spatial patterns, current approaches remain fragmented,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shuqi Lu , Haowei Lin , Lin Yao , Zhifeng Gao , Xiaohong Ji , Yitao Liang , Weinan E , Linfeng Zhang , Guolin Ke