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The aspiration of the next generation's autonomous driving (AD) technology relies on the dedicated integration and interaction among intelligent perception, prediction, planning, and low-level control. There has been a huge bottleneck…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Lincan Li , Wei Shao , Wei Dong , Yijun Tian , Qiming Zhang , Kaixiang Yang , Wenjie Zhang

End-to-end autonomous driving planners are commonly trained by imitating a single logged trajectory, yet evaluated by rule-based planning metrics that measure safety, feasibility, progress, and comfort. This creates a training--evaluation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Sining Ang , Yuguang Yang , Canyu Chen , Yan Wang

End-to-end learning has emerged as a transformative paradigm in autonomous driving. However, the inherently multimodal nature of driving behaviors and the generalization challenges in long-tail scenarios remain critical obstacles to robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rui Zhao , Yuze Fan , Ziguo Chen , Fei Gao , Zhenhai Gao

Autonomous driving needs various line-of-sight sensors to perceive surroundings that could be impaired under diverse environment uncertainties such as visual occlusion and extreme weather. To improve driving safety, we explore to wirelessly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Qiang Liu , Tao Han , Jiang , Xie , BaekGyu Kim

End-to-end driving has made significant progress in recent years, demonstrating benefits such as system simplicity and competitive driving performance under both open-loop and closed-loop settings. Nevertheless, the lack of interpretability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Tianqi Wang , Enze Xie , Ruihang Chu , Zhenguo Li , Ping Luo

Autonomous driving technologies have achieved significant advances in recent years, yet their real-world deployment remains constrained by data scarcity, safety requirements, and the need for generalization across diverse environments. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 A. Humnabadkar , A. Sikdar , B. Cave , H. Zhang , N. Bessis , A. Behera

We present an approach towards robust lane tracking for assisted and autonomous driving, particularly under poor visibility. Autonomous detection of lane markers improves road safety, and purely visual tracking is desirable for widespread…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Junaed Sattar , Jiawei Mo

Existing end-to-end autonomous driving (AD) algorithms typically follow the Imitation Learning (IL) paradigm, which faces challenges such as causal confusion and an open-loop gap. In this work, we propose RAD, a 3DGS-based closed-loop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hao Gao , Shaoyu Chen , Bo Jiang , Bencheng Liao , Yiang Shi , Xiaoyang Guo , Yuechuan Pu , Haoran Yin , Xiangyu Li , Xinbang Zhang , Ying Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Qian Zhang , Xinggang Wang

Automated vehicles promise to enhance transportation safety and efficiency. However, ensuring their reliability in real-world conditions remains challenging, particularly due to rare and unexpected situations known as edge cases. While…

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models ((M)LLMs) has ushered in new avenues in artificial intelligence, particularly for autonomous driving by offering enhanced understanding and reasoning capabilities. This paper introduces…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Daocheng Fu , Wenjie Lei , Licheng Wen , Pinlong Cai , Song Mao , Min Dou , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

End-to-end Network has become increasingly important in multi-tasking. One prominent example of this is the growing significance of a driving perception system in autonomous driving. This paper systematically studies an end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Dat Vu , Bao Ngo , Hung Phan

Pedestrians' safety is a crucial factor in assessing autonomous driving scenarios. However, pedestrian safety evaluation is rarely considered by existing autonomous driving simulation platforms. This paper proposes a pedestrian safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lin Ma , Longrui Chen , Yan Zhang , Mengdi Chu , Wenjie Jiang , Jiahao Shen , Chuxuan Li , Yifeng Shi , Nairui Luo , Jirui Yuan , Guyue Zhou , Jiangtao Gong

Autonomous driving is undergoing a shift from modular rule based pipelines toward end to end (E2E) learning systems. This paper examines this transition by tracing the evolution from classical sense perceive plan control architectures to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eduardo Nebot , Julie Stephany Berrio Perez

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have garnered increasing interest in autonomous driving areas, due to their advanced capabilities in complex reasoning tasks essential for highly autonomous vehicle behavior. Despite their potential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ming Nie , Renyuan Peng , Chunwei Wang , Xinyue Cai , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Li Zhang

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

Fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) continue to spark immense global interest, yet predictions on when they will operate safely and broadly remain heavily debated. This paper synthesizes two distinct research traditions: computational…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Paul Perrone

Although recent traffic benchmarks have advanced multimodal data analysis, they generally lack systematic evaluation aligned with official safety standards. To fill this gap, we introduce RoadSafe365, a large-scale vision-language benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xinyu Liu , Darryl C. Jacob , Yuxin Liu , Xinsong Du , Muchao Ye , Bolei Zhou , Pan He

Rigorously testing autonomy systems is essential for making safe self-driving vehicles (SDV) a reality. It requires one to generate safety critical scenarios beyond what can be collected safely in the world, as many scenarios happen rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Ze Yang , Yun Chen , Jingkang Wang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Wei-Chiu Ma , Anqi Joyce Yang , Raquel Urtasun

End-to-end models for autonomous driving hold the promise of learning complex behaviors directly from sensor data, but face critical challenges in safety and handling long-tail events. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising path to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tianyi Yan , Tao Tang , Xingtai Gui , Yongkang Li , Jiasen Zhesng , Weiyao Huang , Lingdong Kong , Wencheng Han , Xia Zhou , Xueyang Zhang , Yifei Zhan , Kun Zhan , Cheng-zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen