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The end-to-end autonomous driving paradigm has recently attracted lots of attention due to its scalability. However, existing methods are constrained by the limited scale of real-world data, which hinders a comprehensive exploration of the…

In order to operate safely on the road, autonomous vehicles need not only to be able to identify objects in front of them, but also to be able to estimate the risk level of the object in front of the vehicle automatically. It is obvious…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Songlin Xu , Jiacheng Zhu

Personal autonomous vehicles are cars, trucks and bikes capable of sensing their surrounding environment, planning their route, and driving with little or no involvement of human drivers. Despite the impressive technological achievements…

The rising popularity of self-driving cars has led to the emergence of a new research field in the recent years: Autonomous racing. Researchers are developing software and hardware for high performance race vehicles which aim to operate…

Uncertainties in dynamic road environments pose significant challenges for behavior and trajectory planning in autonomous driving. This paper introduces Hi-Drive, a hierarchical planning algorithm addressing uncertainties at both behavior…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xuanjin Jin , Chendong Zeng , Shengfa Zhu , Chunxiao Liu , Panpan Cai

Diffusion-based planners have shown strong potential for autonomous driving by capturing multi-modal driving behaviors. A key challenge is how to effectively guide these models for safe and reactive planning in closed-loop settings, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shu Liu , Wenlin Chen , Weihao Li , Zheng Wang , Lijin Yang , Jianing Huang , Yipin Zhang , Zhongzhan Huang , Ze Cheng , Hao Yang

Driving simulation plays a crucial role in developing reliable driving agents by providing controlled, evaluative environments. To enable meaningful assessments, a high-quality driving simulator must satisfy several key requirements:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Junzhe Jiang , Nan Song , Jingyu Li , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

Practical autonomous driving requires models that generalize by reasoning through spatial-temporal possibilities to exclude unsafe outcomes. While state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods use parallel planning architectures, they fail to explicitly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanhao Wu , Haoyang Zhang , Fei He , Rui Wu , Yanhu Shan , Congpei Qiu , Liang Gao , Wei Ke , Tong Zhang

Fully autonomous driving has been widely studied and is becoming increasingly feasible. However, such autonomous driving has yet to be achieved on public roads, because of various uncertainties due to surrounding human drivers and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Shunsuke Aoki , Issei Yamamoto , Daiki Shiotsuka , Yuichi Inoue , Kento Tokuhiro , Keita Miwa

Safety is a long-standing and the final pursuit in the development of autonomous driving systems, with a significant portion of safety challenge arising from perception. How to effectively evaluate the safety as well as the reliability of…

End-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) has achieved remarkable progress. However, one practical and useful function has been long overlooked: users may wish to customize the desired speed of the policy or specify whether to allow the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yuqian Shao , Xiaosong Jia , Langechuan Liu , Junchi Yan

End-to-end autonomous driving has achieved remarkable progress by integrating perception, prediction, and planning into a fully differentiable framework. Yet, to fully realize its potential, an effective online trajectory evaluation is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yingyan Li , Yuqi Wang , Yang Liu , Jiawei He , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

End-to-end autonomous driving directly generates planning trajectories from raw sensor data, yet it typically relies on costly perception supervision to extract scene information. A critical research challenge arises: constructing an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yupeng Zheng , Pengxuan Yang , Zebin Xing , Qichao Zhang , Yuhang Zheng , Yinfeng Gao , Pengfei Li , Teng Zhang , Zhongpu Xia , Peng Jia , Dongbin Zhao

AutoDRIVE is envisioned to be an integrated research and education platform for scaled autonomous vehicles and related applications. This work is a stepping-stone towards achieving the greater goal of realizing such a platform.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Tanmay Vilas Samak , Chinmay Vilas Samak , Ming Xie

The large-scale deployment of automated vehicles on public roads has the potential to vastly change the transportation modalities of today's society. Although this pursuit has been initiated decades ago, there still exist open challenges in…

Benchmarking autonomous driving planners to align with human judgment remains a critical challenge, as state-of-the-art metrics like the Extended Predictive Driver Model Score (EPDMS) lack context awareness in nuanced scenarios. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jingyu Song , Zhenxin Li , Shiyi Lan , Xinglong Sun , Nadine Chang , Maying Shen , Joshua Chen , Katherine A. Skinner , Jose M. Alvarez

Driving safely requires multiple capabilities from human and intelligent agents, such as the generalizability to unseen environments, the safety awareness of the surrounding traffic, and the decision-making in complex multi-agent settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Quanyi Li , Zhenghao Peng , Lan Feng , Qihang Zhang , Zhenghai Xue , Bolei Zhou

In this paper, we propose PADriver, a novel closed-loop framework for personalized autonomous driving (PAD). Built upon Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM), PADriver takes streaming frames and personalized textual prompts as inputs. It…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Genghua Kou , Fan Jia , Weixin Mao , Yingfei Liu , Yucheng Zhao , Ziheng Zhang , Osamu Yoshie , Tiancai Wang , Ying Li , Xiangyu Zhang

With the development of autonomous driving, it is becoming increasingly common for autonomous vehicles (AVs) and human-driven vehicles (HVs) to travel on the same roads. Existing single-vehicle planning algorithms on board struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Licheng Wen , Pinlong Cai , Daocheng Fu , Song Mao , Yikang Li

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots