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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of robotic manipulation tasks. Despite the success, extending large pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to the action space can induce…

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models reformulate vision-language models by tuning them with millions of robotic demonstrations. While they perform well when fine-tuned for a single embodiment or task family, extending them to…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models integrate visual observations and language instructions to predict robot actions, demonstrating promising generalization in manipulation tasks. However, most existing approaches primarily rely on direct…

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models equipped with Flow Matching (FM) action heads achieve state-of-the-art performance in complex robot manipulation. However, the multi-step iterative ODE solving required by FM introduces inference…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models rely on current observations, including images, language instructions, and robot states, to predict actions and complete tasks. While accurate visual perception is crucial for precise action prediction…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently demonstrated strong performance across embodied tasks. Modern VLAs commonly employ diffusion action experts to efficiently generate high-precision continuous action chunks, while…

Flow-based vision-language-action (VLA) policies offer strong expressivity for action generation, but suffer from a fundamental inefficiency: multi-step inference is required to recover action structure from uninformative Gaussian noise,…

Recent advancements in vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown promise in robotic manipulation, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon, multi-step tasks. Existing methods lack internal reasoning mechanisms that can identify…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically bridge the gap between perceptual and action spaces by pre-training a large-scale Vision-Language Model (VLM) on robotic data. While this approach greatly enhances performance, it also incurs…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the data scarcity challenge in robotics, enabling the development of generalizable visuomotor control policies. While models like OpenVLA showcase the potential…

Vision-Language-Action models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by unifying perception, language grounding, and action generation. However, they often struggle in scenarios requiring precise spatial…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated exceptional performance in natural language-driven perception and control. However, the high computational cost of VLA models poses significant efficiency challenges, particularly for…

Pre-trained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved remarkable success in improving robustness and generalization for end-to-end robotic manipulation. However, these models struggle with long-horizon tasks due to their lack of…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a compelling framework for tackling complex robotic manipulation tasks, but they are often expensive to train. In this paper, we propose a novel VLA approach that leverages the competitive…

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic manipulation by unifying perception, reasoning, and control. To achieve such integration, recent studies adopt a predictive paradigm that models future visual…

Robotic real-world reinforcement learning (RL) with vision-language-action (VLA) models is bottlenecked by sparse, handcrafted rewards and inefficient exploration. We introduce VLAC, a general process reward model built upon InternVL and…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, as large foundation models for embodied control, have shown strong performance in manipulation tasks. However, their performance comes at high inference cost. To improve efficiency, recent methods adopt…

Many Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are built upon an internal world model trained via next-frame prediction ``$v_t \rightarrow v_{t+1}$''. However, this paradigm attempts to predict the future frame's appearance directly, without…

Vision-language-action models have emerged as a crucial paradigm in robotic manipulation. However, existing VLA models exhibit notable limitations in handling ambiguous language instructions and unknown environmental states. Furthermore,…

To teach robots complex manipulation tasks, a common approach is to fine-tune a pre-trained vision-language-action model (VLA) on task-specific data. However, since this recipe updates existing representations, it is unsuitable for…