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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged, demonstrating strong generalization in robotic scene understanding and manipulation. However, when confronted with long-horizon tasks that require defined goal states, such as LEGO…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models excel in robotic manipulation but are constrained by their heavy reliance on expert demonstrations, leading to demonstration bias and limiting performance. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a vital…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Senyu Fei , Siyin Wang , Li Ji , Ao Li , Shiduo Zhang , Liming Liu , Jinlong Hou , Jingjing Gong , Xianzhong Zhao , Xipeng Qiu

Large policies pretrained on a combination of Internet-scale vision-language data and diverse robot demonstrations have the potential to change how we teach robots new skills: rather than training new behaviors from scratch, we can…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a promising autonomous driving paradigm for leveraging world knowledge and reasoning capabilities, especially in long-tail scenarios. However, existing VLA models often struggle with the high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zewei Zhou , Ruining Yang , Xuewei , Qi , Yiluan Guo , Sherry X. Chen , Tao Feng , Kateryna Pistunova , Yishan Shen , Lili Su , Jiaqi Ma

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong multi-modal reasoning capabilities, enabling direct action generation from visual perception and language instructions in an end-to-end manner. However, their substantial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Siyu Xu , Yunke Wang , Chenghao Xia , Dihao Zhu , Tao Huang , Chang Xu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models commonly adapt pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to robot control by mapping visual observations and language instructions to continuous actions. Existing approaches typically take an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xuan Wang , Yinan Wu , Haoran Duan , Jungong Han

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance in robotic manipulation, yet their closed-loop deployment is hindered by the high latency and compute cost of repeatedly running large vision-language backbones at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenda Yu , Tianshi Wang , Fengling Li , Jingjing Li , Lei Zhu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have become a cornerstone in robotic policy learning, leveraging large-scale multimodal data for robust and scalable control. However, existing VLA frameworks primarily address short-horizon tasks, and…

Recent progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a principled approach to optimizing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, facilitating a shift from trajectory imitation to active learning in the task environment. Despite improvements…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sixu Lin , Yunpeng Qing , Litao Liu , Ming Zhou , Ruixing Jin , Xiaoyi Fan , Guiliang Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate remarkable potential for generalizable robotic manipulation. The execution of complex multi-step behaviors in VLA models can be improved by robust instruction grounding, a critical component…

Vision-language-action models must enable agents to execute long-horizon tasks under partial observability. However, most existing approaches remain observation-driven, relying on short context windows or repeated queries to vision-language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Vaidehi Bagaria , Bijo Sebastian , Nirav Kumar Patel

Precision-critical manipulation requires both global trajectory organization and local execution correction, yet most vision-language-action (VLA) policies generate actions within a single unified space. This monolithic formulation forces…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tingzheng Jia , Kan Guo , Lanping Qian , Yongli Hu , Daxin Tian , Guixian Qu , Chunmian Lin , Baocai Yin , Jiapu Wang

Recent advances in robot manipulation have leveraged pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) and explored integrating 3D spatial signals into these models for effective action prediction, giving rise to the promising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenyang Liu , Yongchong Gu , Yikai Wang , Xiangyang Xue , Yanwei Fu

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have opened new avenues for robot manipulation, yet existing methods exhibit limited efficiency and a lack of high-level knowledge and spatial awareness. To address these challenges, we…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities in robotic manipulation tasks, yet their substantial computational overhead remains a critical obstacle to real-world deployment. Improving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yujie Wei , Jiahan Fan , Jiyu Guo , Ruichen Zhen , Rui Shao , Xiu Su , Zeke Xie , Shuo Yang

Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Recently, some studies have integrated Multimodal Large Language Models into robotic manipulation, constructing vision-language-action models (VLAs) to interpret multimodal information and predict SE(3) poses. While VLAs have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Chenxuan Li , Jiaming Liu , Guanqun Wang , Xiaoqi Li , Sixiang Chen , Liang Heng , Chuyan Xiong , Jiaxin Ge , Renrui Zhang , Kaichen Zhou , Shanghang Zhang

Equipping embodied agents with the ability to reason about tasks, foresee physical outcomes, and generate precise actions is essential for general-purpose manipulation. While recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have leveraged…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained on large robot datasets promise general-purpose, robust control across diverse domains and embodiments. However, existing approaches often fail out-of-the-box when deployed in novel environments,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruihan Zhao , Tyler Ingebrand , Sandeep Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu