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Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning but frequently exhibit hallucinations and incorrect responses with high certainty, which hinders their usage in high-stakes domains. Existing verbalized confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wenyi Xiao , Xinchi Xu , Leilei Gan

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly become central to various applications and interact with diverse user populations, ensuring their reliable and consistent performance is becoming more important. This paper explores a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ruoxi Xu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Jia Zheng , Weixiang Zhou , Le Sun , Yingfei Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce surprisingly sophisticated estimates of their own uncertainty. However, it remains unclear to what extent this expressed confidence is tied to the reasoning, knowledge, or decision making of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiawei Wang , Yanfei Zhou , Siddartha Devic , Deqing Fu

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs), such as GPT-4o, have recently unlocked audio dialogue capabilities, enabling direct spoken exchanges with humans. The potential of LALMs broadens their applicability across a wide range of practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kuofeng Gao , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

Large language models implicitly encode preferences over human values, yet steering them often requires large training data. In this work, we investigate a simple approach: Can we reliably modify a model's value system in downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Shangrui Nie , Florian Mai , David Kaczér , Charles Welch , Zhixue Zhao , Lucie Flek

Large Language Models (LLMs) interact with millions of people worldwide in applications such as customer support, education and healthcare. However, their ability to produce deceptive outputs, whether intentionally or inadvertently, poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Marwa Abdulhai , Ryan Cheng , Aryansh Shrivastava , Natasha Jaques , Yarin Gal , Sergey Levine

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents that reason over external APIs to perform complex tasks. However, their reliability and agreement remain poorly characterized. We present a unified benchmarking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Eyhab Al-Masri

Scaling large language models typically involves three dimensions: depth, width, and parameter count. In this work, we explore a fourth dimension, \textbf{virtual logical depth} (VLD), which increases effective algorithmic depth without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ruike Zhu , Hanwen Zhang , Kevin Li , Tianyu Shi , Yiqun Duan , Chi Wang , Tianyi Zhou , Arindam Banerjee , Zengyi Qin

This study investigates the ability of multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify and interpret misleading visualizations, and recognize these observations along with their underlying causes and potential intentionality. Our…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Graziano Blasilli , Marco Angelini

Improving embodied reasoning in multimodal-large-language models (MLLMs) is essential for building vision-language-action models (VLAs) on top of them to readily translate multimodal understanding into low-level actions. Accordingly, recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dongyoung Kim , Sumin Park , Woomin Song , Seungku Kim , Taeyoung Kim , Huiwon Jang , Jinwoo Shin , Jaehyung Kim , Younggyo Seo

Human decision-making belongs to the foundation of our society and civilization, but we are on the verge of a future where much of it will be delegated to artificial intelligence. The arrival of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hao Li , Gengrui Zhang , Petter Holme , Shuyue Hu , Zhen Wang

Reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs) has recently attracted significant attention due to its broad applicability across diverse downstream tasks. However, it remains unclear whether the superior performance of VLMs stems from genuine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yige Xu , Yongjie Wang , Zizhuo Wu , Kaisong Song , Jun Lin , Zhiqi Shen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

While large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive instruction-following capabilities, it is still unclear whether and to what extent they can respond to explicit constraints that might be entailed in various instructions. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Yihan Chen , Benfeng Xu , Quan Wang , Yi Liu , Zhendong Mao

Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Michihiro Yasunaga , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

New Large Language Models (LLMs) become available every few weeks, and modern application developers confronted with the unenviable task of having to decide if they should switch to a new model. While human evaluation remains the gold…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Suryaansh Jain , Umair Z. Ahmed , Shubham Sahai , Ben Leong

Existing Large Language Model (LLM) approaches to SystemVerilog Assertion (SVA) generation primarily focus on syntactic validity and formal verification outcomes, while semantic alignment between generated assertions and natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaime Rafael Imperial , Hao Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as epistemic partners in everyday reasoning, yet their errors remain predominantly analyzed through predictive metrics rather than through their interpretive effects on human judgment. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Claudia Vale Oliveira , Nelson Zagalo , Filipe Silva , Anabela Brandao , Syeda Faryal Hussain Khurrum , Joaquim Santos

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive performance on tasks involving reasoning, leading to a lively debate on whether these models possess reasoning capabilities similar to humans. However, despite these successes, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank
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