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Despite their tremendous success in many applications, large language models often fall short of consistent reasoning and planning in various (language, embodied, and social) scenarios, due to inherent limitations in their inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Zhiting Hu , Tianmin Shu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is central to post-training, particularly for agentic models that require specialized reasoning behaviors. In this setting, model merging offers a practical mechanism for integrating multiple RL-trained agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiangchi Yuan , Dachuan Shi , Chunhui Zhang , Zheyuan Liu , Shenglong Yao , Soroush Vosoughi , Wenke Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning tasks. Currently, mainstream LLM reasoning frameworks predominantly focus on scaling up inference-time sampling to enhance performance. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongduan Tian , Xiao Feng , Ziyuan Zhao , Xiangyu Zhu , Rolan Yan , Bo Han

Two ways has been discussed to unlock the reasoning capability of a large language model. The first one is prompt engineering and the second one is to combine the multiple inferences of large language models, or the multi-agent discussion.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Qineng Wang , Zihao Wang , Ying Su , Yangqiu Song

Solving mathematical reasoning problems requires not only accurate access to relevant knowledge but also careful, multi-step thinking. However, current retrieval-augmented models often rely on a single perspective, follow inflexible search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ali Asgarov , Umid Suleymanov , Aadyant Khatri

Large-language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful problem-solving capabilities, in particular when organized in multi-agent systems. However, the advent of such systems also raises several questions on the ability of a complex network…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Florian Grötschla , Luis Müller , Jan Tönshoff , Mikhail Galkin , Bryan Perozzi

Large language models (LLMs) excel in natural language generation but often confidently produce incorrect responses, especially in tasks like mathematical reasoning. Chain-of-thought prompting, self-verification, and multi-agent debate are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Mahmood Hegazy

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, they encounter challenges in terms of reasoning efficiency, large model size and overthinking. However, existing lightweight…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Qixiang Yin , Huanjin Yao , Jianghao Chen , Jiaxing Huang , Zhicheng Zhao , Fei Su

Traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) suffers from replicating human-like behaviors, generalizing effectively in multi-agent scenarios, and overcoming inherent interpretability issues.These tasks are compounded when deep environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Miao Zhang , Zhenlong Fang , Tianyi Wang , Qian Zhang , Shuai Lu , Junfeng Jiao , Tianyu Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

Mathematical problem solving is a fundamental benchmark for assessing the reasoning capabilities of artificial intelligence and a gateway to applications in education, science, and engineering where reliable symbolic reasoning is essential.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Aditya Basarkar , Benyamin Tabarsi , Tiffany Barnes , Dongkuan Xu

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have incentivized models to ``think with images'' by actively invoking visual tools during multi-turn reasoning. The common Reinforcement Learning (RL) practice of relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wenhao Yang , Yu Xia , Jinlong Huang , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Yuchen Zhou , Xiaobo Xia , Yuanyu Wan , Lijun Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit considerable promise in financial applications; however, prevailing models frequently demonstrate limitations when confronted with scenarios that necessitate sophisticated reasoning capabilities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yanjun Zheng , Xiyang Du , Longfei Liao , Xiaoke Zhao , Zhaowen Zhou , Jingze Song , Bo Zhang , Jiawei Liu , Xiang Qi , Zhe Li , Zhiqiang Zhang , Wei Wang , Peng Zhang

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Training a task-specific small reasoning model is challenging when direct human supervision or high-quality labels are scarce. However, LLMs with reasoning capabilities produce abundant intermediate reasoning traces that can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Sumanta Bhattacharyya , Sara Riazi , Pedram Rooshenas

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled an emergence of agentic artificial intelligence (AI) with powerful reasoning and autonomous decision-making capabilities. This integration with edge computing has led to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mingyi Luo , Ruichen Zhang , Xiangwang Hou , Jun Du , Chunxiao Jiang , Yong Ren , Dusit Niyato , Shiwen Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate ever-increasing abilities in mathematical and algorithmic tasks, yet their geometric reasoning skills are underexplored. We investigate LLMs' abilities in constructive geometric problem-solving one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Spyridon Mouselinos , Henryk Michalewski , Mateusz Malinowski

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in recent years but are fundamentally limited by the underlying training data. To improve models beyond the training data, recent works have explored how LLMs can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Vighnesh Subramaniam , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Antonio Torralba , Shuang Li , Igor Mordatch

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in language generation, understanding, and few-shot learning in recent years. An extensive body of work has explored how their performance may be further improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yilun Du , Shuang Li , Antonio Torralba , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Igor Mordatch

The massive successes of large language models (LLMs) encourage the emerging exploration of LLM-augmented Autonomous Agents (LAAs). An LAA is able to generate actions with its core LLM and interact with environments, which facilitates the…