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Agency, the capacity to proactively shape events, is central to how humans interact and collaborate. While LLMs are being developed to simulate human behavior and serve as human-like agents, little attention has been given to the Agency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Ashish Sharma , Sudha Rao , Chris Brockett , Akanksha Malhotra , Nebojsa Jojic , Bill Dolan

Uncertainty estimation is a significant issue for current large language models (LLMs) that are generally poorly calibrated and over-confident, especially with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Unlike humans, whose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ruixin Yang , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Shirley Anugrah Hayati , Bin Hu , Dongyeop Kang

EVMbench, released by OpenAI, Paradigm, and OtterSec, is the first large-scale benchmark for AI agents on smart contract security. Its results -- agents detect up to 45.6% of vulnerabilities and exploit 72.2% of a curated subset -- have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Chaoyuan Peng , Lei Wu , Yajin Zhou

While AI agents hold transformative potential in business, effective performance benchmarking is hindered by the scarcity of public, realistic business data on widely used platforms. Existing benchmarks often lack fidelity in their…

Personalized pricing negotiations are a challenging testbed for LLM agents because successful interaction does not guarantee profitable decision making. A seller may produce valid actions and close many deals while still pricing poorly when…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yingjie Lei

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents that reason over external APIs to perform complex tasks. However, their reliability and agreement remain poorly characterized. We present a unified benchmarking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Eyhab Al-Masri

Personal AI agents like OpenClaw run with elevated privileges on users' local machines, where a single successful prompt injection can leak credentials, redirect financial transactions, or destroy files. This threat goes well beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bowen Wei , Yunbei Zhang , Jinhao Pan , Kai Mei , Xiao Wang , Jihun Hamm , Ziwei Zhu , Yingqiang Ge

LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS), in which autonomous AI agents cooperate to solve tasks, are gaining increasing attention. For such systems to be deployed in society, agents must be able to establish cooperation and coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Keita Nishimoto , Kimitaka Asatani , Ichiro Sakata

Negotiation is a central mechanism of economic exchange, shaping markets, procurement, labor agreements, and resource allocation. It is also a canonical testbed for agentic language models, requiring multi-turn interaction under hidden…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Erica Zhang , Fangzhao Zhang , Aneesh Pappu , Batu El , Jose Blanchet , Susan Athey , Jiashuo Liu , James Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in solving diverse tasks. However, their proficiency in iteratively optimizing complex solutions through learning from previous feedback remains insufficiently explored. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xiaozhe Li , Jixuan Chen , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Haodong Duan , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

Multi-agent systems where Large Language Models (LLMs) deliberate to form consensus have gained significant attention, yet their practical value over simpler methods remains under-scrutinized. We introduce DELIBERATIONBENCH, a controlled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Vaarunay Kaushal , Taranveer Singh

AI agents are changing the requirements for document parsing. What matters is semantic correctness: parsed output must preserve the structure and meaning needed for autonomous decisions, including correct table structure, precise chart…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Boyang Zhang , Sebastián G. Acosta , Preston Carlson , Sacha Bron , Pierre-Loïc Doulcet , Daniel B. Ospina , Simon Suo

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can exhibit impressive proficiency in isolated, short-term tasks, they often fail to maintain coherent performance over longer time horizons. In this paper, we present Vending-Bench, a simulated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Axel Backlund , Lukas Petersson

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs in new dialogue capabilities by leveraging instruction tuning, which refreshes human impressions of dialogue systems. The long-standing goal of dialogue systems is to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jiao Ou , Junda Lu , Che Liu , Yihong Tang , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

We introduce a new benchmark, LLF-Bench (Learning from Language Feedback Benchmark; pronounced as "elf-bench"), to evaluate the ability of AI agents to interactively learn from natural language feedback and instructions. Learning from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Dipendra Misra , Allen Nie , Adith Swaminathan

A flurry of recent work has demonstrated that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can be effective task planners for a variety of single-robot tasks. The planning performance of LLMs is significantly improved via prompting techniques,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

Autonomous data analysis agents are increasingly expected to conduct exploratory analysis with limited human guidance about data. However, existing benchmarks typically evaluate such agents in prior-guided settings, providing selected data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qiaohong Zhang , Weihao Ye , Jialong Chen , Yi Luo , BoYuan Li , Bowen Deng , Zibin Zheng , Jianhao Lin , Wei-Shi Zheng , Chuan Chen

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

The electronic calendar is a valuable resource nowadays for managing our daily life appointments or schedules, also known as events, ranging from professional to highly personal. Researchers have studied various types of calendar events to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Iqbal H. Sarker , Alan Colman , Jun Han , A. S. M. Kayes , Paul Watters