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Related papers: Evaluating Tool Cloning in Agentic-AI Ecosystems

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We argue that LLM agent security is fundamentally an agent-human interaction (AHI) problem, not a purely algorithmic one. To substantiate this position, we conduct a systematic analysis of 59 academic papers, 21 production agent systems,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Peiran Wang , Ying Li , Yuan Tian

With the rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agent ecosystems, centralized skill marketplaces have emerged as pivotal infrastructure for augmenting agent capabilities. However, these marketplaces face unprecedented security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zihan Guo , Zhiyu Chen , Xiaohang Nie , Jianghao Lin , Yuanjian Zhou , Weinan Zhang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a widely adopted mechanism for connecting large language models to external tools and resources. While MCP promises seamless extensibility and rich integrations, it also introduces a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zhihao Li , Kun Li , Boyang Ma , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a recently proposed interoperability standard that unifies how AI agents connect with external tools and data sources. By defining a set of common client-server message exchange clauses, MCP replaces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Nanzi Yang , Weiheng Bai , Kangjie Lu

The rapid growth of AI agent ecosystems is transforming how complex tasks are delegated and executed, creating a new challenge of identifying suitable agents for a given task. Unlike traditional tools, agent capabilities are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bin Wu , Arastun Mammadli , Xiaoyu Zhang , Emine Yilmaz

Humans are remarkably adept at collaboration, able to infer the strengths and weaknesses of new partners in order to work successfully towards shared goals. To build AI systems with this capability, we must first understand its building…

LLM agents are evolving rapidly, powered by code execution, tools, and the recently introduced agent skills feature. Skills allow users to extend LLM applications with specialized third-party code, knowledge, and instructions. Although this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 David Schmotz , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Sahar Abdelnabi , Maksym Andriushchenko

The rapid rise of autonomous AI systems and advancements in agent capabilities are introducing new risks due to reduced oversight of real-world interactions. Yet agent testing remains nascent and is still a developing science. As AI agents…

Driven by Large Language Models, the single-agent, multi-tool architecture has become a popular paradigm for autonomous agents. However, this architecture introduces a severe privacy risk, which we term Tools Orchestration Privacy Risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuxuan Qiao , Dongqin Liu , Hongchang Yang , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

We introduce SOCK, a benchmark command line interface (CLI) that measures large language models' (LLMs) ability to self-replicate without human intervention. In this benchmark, self-replication is defined not only as an LLM's ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Justin Chavarria , Rohan Raizada , Justin White , Eyad Alhetairshi

We explore the potential for productive team-based collaboration between humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI) by presenting and conducting initial tests with a general framework that enables multiple human and AI agents to work together…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Benjamin Klieger , Charis Charitsis , Miroslav Suzara , Sierra Wang , Nick Haber , John C. Mitchell

The increasing adoption of agentic workflows across diverse domains brings a critical need to scalably and systematically evaluate the complex traces these systems generate. Current evaluation methods depend on manual, domain-specific human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Darshan Deshpande , Varun Gangal , Hersh Mehta , Jitin Krishnan , Anand Kannappan , Rebecca Qian

AI-driven decision-making systems are becoming instrumental in the public sector, with applications spanning areas like criminal justice, social welfare, financial fraud detection, and public health. While these systems offer great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Unai Fischer-Abaigar , Christoph Kern , Noam Barda , Frauke Kreuter

Video production workflows offer a rich and demanding arena for evaluating multimodal AI agents: they require composite capabilities across text, image, audio, and video understanding, along with long-horizon planning, and tool use. To this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zongheng Cao , Yi Zheng , Rui Song , Xinyu Hu

As large language models become components of larger agentic systems, evaluation reliability becomes critical: unreliable sub-agents introduce brittleness into downstream system behavior. Yet current evaluation practice, reporting a single…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zairah Mustahsan , Abel Lim , Megna Anand , Saahil Jain , Bryan McCann

The prevalent deployment of Large Language Model agents such as OpenClaw unlocks potential in real-world applications, while amplifying safety concerns. Among these concerns, the self-replication risk of LLM agents driven by objective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Boxuan Zhang , Yi Yu , Jiaxuan Guo , Jing Shao

Artificial intelligence is rapidly evolving towards multi-agent systems where numerous AI agents collaborate and interact with external tools. Two key open standards, Google's Agent to Agent (A2A) protocol for inter-agent communication and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Qiaomu Li , Ying Xie

The rise of agentic AI systems, where agents collaborate to perform diverse tasks, poses new challenges with observing, analyzing and optimizing their behavior. Traditional evaluation and benchmarking approaches struggle to handle the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Dany Moshkovich , Hadar Mulian , Sergey Zeltyn , Natti Eder , Inna Skarbovsky , Roy Abitbol

Agents backed by large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools drawn from marketplaces where multiple providers offer functionally equivalent options. This raises a critical fairness concern: systematic bias in tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Thierry Blankenstein , Jialin Yu , Zixuan Li , Vassilis Plachouras , Sunando Sengupta , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal , Alasdair Paren , Adel Bibi

Entity relationship classification remains a challenging task in information extraction, especially in scenarios with limited labeled data and complex relational structures. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of three distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Maryam Berijanian , Kuldeep Singh , Amin Sehati