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As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain autonomous capabilities, their coordination in multi-agent settings becomes increasingly important. However, they often struggle with cooperation, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Inspired by Axelrod's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kenneth J. K. Ong , Lye Jia Jun , Hieu Minh "Jord" Nguyen , Seong Hah Cho , Natalia Pérez-Campanero Antolín

We introduce Refusal Steering, an inference-time method to exercise fine-grained control over Large Language Models refusal behaviour on politically sensitive topics without retraining. We replace fragile pattern-based refusal detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Iker García-Ferrero , David Montero , Roman Orus

Deep neural networks achieve impressive performance but remain difficult to interpret and control. We present SALVE (Sparse Autoencoder-Latent Vector Editing), a unified "discover, validate, and control" framework that bridges mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Vegard Flovik

Large Multi-Modal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities as general-purpose chatbots able to engage in conversations about visual inputs. However, their responses are influenced by societal biases present in their training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Neale Ratzlaff , Matthew Lyle Olson , Musashi Hinck , Estelle Aflalo , Shao-Yen Tseng , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) are widely used in NLP for various tasks. Recent studies have identified various biases that such models exhibit and have proposed methods to correct these biases. However, most of the works address a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Prachi Jain , Ashutosh Sathe , Varun Gumma , Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram

Large language models are increasingly used as behavioral simulators, but it remains unclear when their outputs reflect human-like cognitive mechanisms rather than prompt-sensitive surface patterns. We study this question through the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ciarán Walsh , Emilio Barkett

In this work, we designed unbiased prompts to systematically evaluate the psychological safety of large language models (LLMs). First, we tested five different LLMs by using two personality tests: Short Dark Triad (SD-3) and Big Five…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xingxuan Li , Yutong Li , Lin Qiu , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in persona-driven applications such as education, customer service, and social platforms, where models are prompted to adopt specific personas when interacting with users. While persona…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tanay Kumar , Shreya Gautam , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Francesco Pierri

Controlling the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge due to their inherent complexity and opacity. While techniques like fine-tuning can modify model behavior, they typically require extensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Yixiong Hao , Ayush Panda , Stepan Shabalin , Sheikh Abdur Raheem Ali

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advances in instruction tuning, often fail to follow complex user instructions. Activation steering techniques aim to mitigate this by manipulating model internals, but have a potential risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Minjae Kang , Jaehyung Kim

We introduce a novel nonlinear model, Sparse Adaptive Bottleneck Centroid-Encoder (SABCE), for determining the features that discriminate between two or more classes. The algorithm aims to extract discriminatory features in groups while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Tomojit Ghosh , Michael Kirby

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently exhibit unfaithful behavior, producing a final answer that differs significantly from their internal chain of thought (CoT) reasoning in order to appease the user they are conversing with. In order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shikhar Shiromani , Archie Chaudhury , Sri Pranav Kunda

Researchers have been studying approaches to steer the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) and build personalized LLMs tailored for various applications. While fine-tuning seems to be a direct solution, it requires substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yuanpu Cao , Tianrong Zhang , Bochuan Cao , Ziyi Yin , Lu Lin , Fenglong Ma , Jinghui Chen

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) provide a powerful mechanism for decomposing the dense representations produced by Large Language Models (LLMs) into interpretable latent features. We posit that SAEs constitute a natural foundation for Learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Thibault Formal , Maxime Louis , Hervé Dejean , Stéphane Clinchant

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a powerful technique for extracting human-interpretable features from neural networks activations. Previous works compared different models based on SAE-derived features but those comparisons have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Clément Cornet , Romaric Besançon , Hervé Le Borgne

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values and away from undesirable behaviors (such as hallucination) has become increasingly important. Recently, steering LLMs towards a desired behavior via activation editing has emerged as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Anmol Goel , Yaxi Hu , Iryna Gurevych , Amartya Sanyal

Hallucinations in large language models are a widespread problem, yet the mechanisms behind whether models will hallucinate are poorly understood, limiting our ability to solve this problem. Using sparse autoencoders as an interpretability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Javier Ferrando , Oscar Obeso , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Neel Nanda

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become widely used to model and simulate human behavior, understanding their biases becomes critical. We developed an experimental framework using Big Five personality surveys and uncovered a previously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Aadesh Salecha , Molly E. Ireland , Shashanka Subrahmanya , João Sedoc , Lyle H. Ungar , Johannes C. Eichstaedt

RFdiffusion is a popular and well-established model for generation of protein structures. However, this generative process offers limited insight into its internal representations and how they contribute to the final protein structure.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Wojciech Zarzecki , Paulina Szymczak , Ewa Szczurek , Kamil Deja

Fine-grained steering of language model outputs is essential for safety and reliability. Prompting and finetuning are widely used to achieve these goals, but interpretability researchers have proposed a variety of representation-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zhengxuan Wu , Aryaman Arora , Atticus Geiger , Zheng Wang , Jing Huang , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts