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This tutorial provides an in-depth guide on inference-time guidance and alignment methods for optimizing downstream reward functions in diffusion models. While diffusion models are renowned for their generative modeling capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Chenyu Wang , Xiner Li , Aviv Regev , Sergey Levine , Tommaso Biancalani

Discrete diffusion models are a powerful, emerging paradigm for code generation. They construct programs through iterative refinement of partially corrupted token sequences and enable parallel token refinement. Importantly, this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lize Shao , Michael Cardei , Zichen Xie , Ferdinando Fioretto , Wenxi Wang

Existing approaches to diffusion-based inverse problem solvers frame the signal recovery task as a probabilistic sampling episode, where the solution is drawn from the desired posterior distribution. This framework suffers from several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Henry Li , Marcus Pereira

Discrete diffusion has become a leading framework for generative modeling in various applications including language, vision, and biology. Existing convergence theory, however, exhibits fundamental limitations. KL-based analyses diverge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kelvin Kan , Xingjian Li , Benjamin J. Zhang , Tuhin Sahai , Stanley Osher , Markos A. Katsoulakis

Diffusion models have emerged as a formidable tool for training-free conditional generation.However, a key hurdle in inference-time guidance techniques is the need for compute-heavy backpropagation through the diffusion network for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Vishal M Patel

We propose a novel continuous-time algorithm for inequality-constrained convex optimization inspired by proportional-integral control. Unlike the popular primal-dual gradient dynamics, our method includes a proportional term to control the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-12 V. Cerone , S. M. Fosson , S. Pirrera , D. Regruto

By exploiting double-penalty terms for the primal subproblem, we develop a novel relaxed augmented Lagrangian method for solving a family of convex optimization problems subject to equality or inequality constraints. The method is then…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Jianchao Bai , Linyuan Jia , Zheng Peng

This paper introduces an approach to endow generative diffusion processes the ability to satisfy and certify compliance with constraints and physical principles. The proposed method recast the traditional sampling process of generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jacob K Christopher , Stephen Baek , Ferdinando Fioretto

We propose a duality scheme for solving constrained nonsmooth and nonconvex optimization problems in a reflexive Banach space. We establish strong duality for a very general type of augmented Lagrangian, in which we assume a less…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Regina S. Burachik , Xuemei Liu

We study in detail the two main algorithms which have been considered for fitting constrained marginal models to discrete data, one based on Lagrange multipliers and the other on a regression model. We show that the updates produced by the…

Computation · Statistics 2013-05-28 Robin J. Evans , Antonio Forcina

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality samples and enhancing performance across diverse domains through Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG). However, the quality of generated samples is highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ao Chen , Lihe Ding , Tianfan Xue

Learning to Optimize (LtO) is a problem setting in which a machine learning (ML) model is trained to emulate a constrained optimization solver. Learning to produce optimal and feasible solutions subject to complex constraints is a difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 James Kotary , Ferdinando Fioretto

This paper studies how to train machine-learning models that directly approximate the optimal solutions of constrained optimization problems. This is an empirical risk minimization under constraints, which is challenging as training must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Seonho Park , Pascal Van Hentenryck

In this paper we propose distributed dual gradient algorithms for linearly constrained separable convex problems and analyze their rate of convergence under different assumptions. Under the strong convexity assumption on the primal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-04 Ion Necoara , Valentin Nedelcu

In this work, we revisit a classical incremental implementation of the primal-descent dual-ascent gradient method used for the solution of equality constrained optimization problems. We provide a short proof that establishes the linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-17 Sulaiman A. Alghunaim , Ali H. Sayed

Diffusion policy sampling enables reinforcement learning (RL) to represent multimodal action distributions beyond suboptimal unimodal Gaussian policies. However, existing diffusion-based RL methods primarily focus on offline settings for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xiaoyuan Cheng , Wenxuan Yuan , Boyang Li , Yuanchao Xu , Yiming Yang , Hao Liang , Bei Peng , Robert Loftin , Zhuo Sun , Yukun Hu

Communication compression has become a key strategy to speed up distributed optimization. However, existing decentralized algorithms with compression mainly focus on compressing DGD-type algorithms. They are unsatisfactory in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Xiaorui Liu , Yao Li , Rongrong Wang , Jiliang Tang , Ming Yan

Generative models have emerged as powerful priors for solving inverse problems. These models typically represent a class of natural signals using a single fixed complexity or dimensionality. This can be limiting: depending on the problem, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sean Gunn , Jorio Cocola , Oliver De Candido , Vaggos Chatziafratis , Paul Hand

We reconsider the stochastic (sub)gradient approach to the unconstrained primal L1-SVM optimization. We observe that if the learning rate is inversely proportional to the number of steps, i.e., the number of times any training pattern is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Constantinos Panagiotakopoulos , Petroula Tsampouka

Best subset selection is considered the `gold standard' for many sparse learning problems. A variety of optimization techniques have been proposed to attack this non-convex and NP-hard problem. In this paper, we investigate the dual forms…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-06 Shaogang Ren , Guanhua Fang , Ping Li