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Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

The safety of autonomous AI agents is increasingly recognized as a critical open problem. As agents transition from passive text generators to active actors capable of executing shell commands, modifying files, calling APIs, and browsing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ashwin Aravind

AI systems have found a wide range of real-world applications in recent years. The adoption of edge artificial intelligence, embedding AI directly into edge devices, is rapidly growing. Despite the implementation of guardrails and safety…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Eren Kurshan , Yuan Xie , Paul Franzon

Recent large-scale events like election fraud and financial scams have shown how harmful coordinated efforts by human groups can be. With the rise of autonomous AI systems, there is growing concern that AI-driven groups could also cause…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Qibing Ren , Sitao Xie , Longxuan Wei , Zhenfei Yin , Junchi Yan , Lizhuang Ma , Jing Shao

This paper argues that fully autonomous AI agents should not be developed. In support of this position, we build from prior scientific literature and current product marketing to delineate different AI agent levels and detail the ethical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Margaret Mitchell , Avijit Ghosh , Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Giada Pistilli

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly, and companies are shifting their focus to developing generalist AI systems that can autonomously act and pursue goals. Increases in capabilities and autonomy may soon massively amplify…

The rise of AI has transformed the software and hardware landscape, enabling powerful capabilities through specialized infrastructures, large-scale data storage, and advanced hardware. However, these innovations introduce unique attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Michael R Smith , Joe Ingram

AI agents deployed on decentralized infrastructures are beginning to exhibit properties that extend beyond autonomy toward what we describe as agentic sovereignty-the capacity of an operational agent to persist, act, and control resources…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Botao Amber Hu , Helena Rong

AI-based defensive solutions are necessary to defend networks and information assets against intelligent automated attacks. Gathering enough realistic data for training machine learning-based defenses is a significant practical challenge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Kalle Kujanpää , Willie Victor , Alexander Ilin

Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have permeated through an array of different immersive environments, including virtual, augmented, and mixed realities. AI brings a wealth of potential that centers on its ability to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Wangfan Li , Rohit Mallick , Carlos Toxtli-Hernandez , Christopher Flathmann , Nathan J. McNeese

Frontier AI systems are rapidly advancing in their capabilities to persuade, deceive, and influence human behaviour, with current models already demonstrating human-level persuasion and strategic deception in specific contexts. Humans are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Rishane Dassanayake , Mario Demetroudi , James Walpole , Lindley Lentati , Jason R. Brown , Edward James Young

Embedding artificial intelligence into systems introduces significant challenges to modern engineering practices. Hazard analysis tools and processes have not yet been adequately adapted to the new paradigm. This paper describes initial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Nikolas Martelaro , Carol J. Smith , Tamara Zilovic

In this study, we investigate system-level emergent risks of interacting AI agents. The core contribution of this work is an exploratory scenario-based identification of these risks as well as their categorization. We consider a multitude…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Paul Darius , Thomas Hoppe , Andrei Aleksandrov

Potential malicious misuse of civilian artificial intelligence (AI) poses serious threats to security on a national and international level. Besides defining autonomous systems from a technological viewpoint and explaining how AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Lukas Pöhler , Valentin Schrader , Alexander Ladwein , Florian von Keller

Embedded into information systems, artificial intelligence (AI) faces security threats that exploit AI-specific vulnerabilities. This paper provides an accessible overview of adversarial attacks unique to predictive and generative AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Naoto Kiribuchi , Kengo Zenitani , Takayuki Semitsu

AI agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where malicious content hijacks agent behavior to steal credentials or cause financial loss. The only known robust defense is architectural isolation that strictly separates trusted task…

Agentic AI marks an important transition from single-step generative models to systems capable of reasoning, planning, acting, and adapting over long-lasting tasks. By integrating memory, tool use, and iterative decision cycles, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sahaya Jestus Lazer , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Elisa Bertino

The rapid deployment of autonomous AI agents creates urgent challenges around authorization, accountability, and access control in digital spaces. New standards are needed to know whom AI agents act on behalf of and guide their use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Tobin South , Samuele Marro , Thomas Hardjono , Robert Mahari , Cedric Deslandes Whitney , Dazza Greenwood , Alan Chan , Alex Pentland

AI-based systems have been used widely across various industries for different decisions ranging from operational decisions to tactical and strategic ones in low- and high-stakes contexts. Gradually the weaknesses and issues of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Morteza Saberi

The implementation of agentic AI systems has the potential of providing more helpful AI systems in a variety of applications. These systems work autonomously towards a defined goal with reduced external control. Despite their potential, one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Niclas Flehmig , Mary Ann Lundteigen , Shen Yin