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The goal of this paper is to improve the performance and reliability of vision-language-action (VLA) models through iterative online interaction. Since collecting policy rollouts in the real world is expensive, we investigate whether a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yanjiang Guo , Tony Lee , Lucy Xiaoyang Shi , Jianyu Chen , Percy Liang , Chelsea Finn

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models extend vision-language models to embodied control by mapping natural-language instructions and visual observations to robot actions. Despite their capabilities, VLA systems face significant challenges due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weifan Guan , Qinghao Hu , Aosheng Li , Jian Cheng

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, powered by large language models and reinforcement learning-based fine-tuning, have shown remarkable progress in robotic manipulation. Existing methods often treat long-horizon actions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Feng Xu , Guangyao Zhai , Xin Kong , Tingzhong Fu , Daniel F. N. Gordon , Xueli An , Benjamin Busam

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong promise for general-purpose robotic manipulation, but their real-world evaluation remains limited by a lack of accessible, reproducible, and consistent benchmarks. Simulation benchmarks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Alex S. Huang , Jiahui Zhang , Shiqing Tang , Yu Xiang

Recently, some studies have integrated Multimodal Large Language Models into robotic manipulation, constructing vision-language-action models (VLAs) to interpret multimodal information and predict SE(3) poses. While VLAs have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Chenxuan Li , Jiaming Liu , Guanqun Wang , Xiaoqi Li , Sixiang Chen , Liang Heng , Chuyan Xiong , Jiaxin Ge , Renrui Zhang , Kaichen Zhou , Shanghang Zhang

Vision--language--action (VLA) policies are trained to imitate actions; their loss never asks them to estimate reward, progress, or future success. Their frozen representations nevertheless carry such information, and it can be read out and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiachen Zhang , Junnan Nie , Junyi Lao , Wei Cheng , Chenghao Liu , Jiaxin Jiang , Songfang Huang

LIBERO has emerged as a widely adopted benchmark for evaluating Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models; however, its current training and evaluation settings are problematic, often leading to inflated performance estimates and preventing fair…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xueyang Zhou , Yangming Xu , Guiyao Tie , Yongchao Chen , Guowen Zhang , Duanfeng Chu , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Autonomous driving has long relied on modular "Perception-Decision-Action" pipelines, where hand-crafted interfaces and rule-based components often break down in complex or long-tailed scenarios. Their cascaded design further propagates…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for general-purpose robot control through natural language instructions. However, their high inference cost-stemming from large-scale token computation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xudong Tan , Yaoxin Yang , Peng Ye , Jialin Zheng , Bizhe Bai , Xinyi Wang , Jia Hao , Tao Chen

Although pre-trained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models exhibit impressive generalization in robotic manipulation, post-training remains crucial to ensure reliable performance during deployment. However, standard offline Supervised…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zhide Zhong , Haodong Yan , Junfeng Li , Junjie He , Tianran Zhang , Haoang Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have advanced robotic manipulation by combining vision, language, and proprioception to predict actions. However, previous methods fuse proprioceptive signals directly with vision-language features,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhuohao Li , Yinghao Li , Jian-Jian Jiang , Lang Zhou , Tianyu Zhang , Jiadong Yin , Mu Lin , Yi-Lin Wei , Wei-Shi Zheng

Recent advancements in vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown promise in robotic manipulation, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon, multi-step tasks. Existing methods lack internal reasoning mechanisms that can identify…

Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) on robot teleoperation data to create vision-language-action (VLA) models is a promising paradigm for training generalist policies, but it suffers from a fundamental tradeoff: learning to produce…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Asher J. Hancock , Xindi Wu , Lihan Zha , Olga Russakovsky , Anirudha Majumdar

Recent studies on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shifted from the end-to-end action-generation paradigm toward a pipeline involving task planning followed by action generation, demonstrating improved performance on various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chongkai Gao , Zixuan Liu , Zhenghao Chi , Junshan Huang , Xin Fei , Yiwen Hou , Yuxuan Zhang , Yudi Lin , Zhirui Fang , Zeyu Jiang , Lin Shao

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models rely on fixed computational depth, expending the same amount of compute on simple adjustments and complex multi-step manipulation. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enables variable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yalcin Tur , Jalal Naghiyev , Haoquan Fang , Wei-Chuan Tsai , Jiafei Duan , Dieter Fox , Ranjay Krishna

Current vision-language-action (VLA) models, pre-trained on large-scale robotic data, exhibit strong multi-task capabilities and generalize well to variations in visual and language instructions for manipulation. However, their success rate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Han Zhao , Jiaxuan Zhang , Wenxuan Song , Pengxiang Ding , Donglin Wang

Long-horizon robotic manipulation remains challenging for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models despite recent progress in zero-shot generalization and simulation-to-real-world transfer. Current VLA models suffer from stage hallucination,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zeting Liu , Zida Yang , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate remarkable potential for generalizable robotic manipulation. The execution of complex multi-step behaviors in VLA models can be improved by robust instruction grounding, a critical component…

We present ProgVLA, a compact vision-language-action (VLA) model designed for reliable robot manipulation under tight compute and memory budgets. The model specifically focuses on efficiently processing long multi-modal sequences by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Seungsu Kim , Jinyoung Choi , Seungmin Baek , Jean-Michel Renders

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong multi-modal reasoning capabilities, enabling direct action generation from visual perception and language instructions in an end-to-end manner. However, their substantial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Siyu Xu , Yunke Wang , Chenghao Xia , Dihao Zhu , Tao Huang , Chang Xu