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With the development of generative artificial intelligence and instruction tuning techniques, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress on general reasoning tasks. Benefiting from the chain-of-thought (CoT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Junjie Zhou , Yingli Zuo , Shichang Feng , Peng Wan , Qi Zhu , Daoqiang Zhang , Wei Shao

Medical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) aims to emulate clinicians' diagnostic thinking, but current benchmarks such as MedQA-USMLE, MedMCQA, and PubMedQA often mix reasoning with factual recall. We address this by separating 11…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in interpreting visual layouts and text. However, a significant challenge remains in their ability to interpret robustly and reason over multi-tabular data presented as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Anshul Singh , Chris Biemann , Jan Strich

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) grow in sophistication, their ability to perform reasoning is coming under increasing supervision. While they excel at many tasks, their grasp of fundamental scientific principles, such as physics, remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Pranav Pawar , Kavish Shah , Akshat Bhalani , Komal Kasat , Dev Mittal , Hadi Gala , Deepali Patil , Nikita Raichada , Monali Deshmukh

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) facilitate medical visual question answering (MedVQA) by jointly interpreting images and text. However, existing models typically depend on large architectures and closed-set answers, which limits their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiayan Yang , Zhuoyu Wu , Wenqi Fang

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is the task of answering a question about an image and requires processing multimodal input and reasoning to obtain the answer. Modular solutions that use declarative representations within the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Thomas Eiter , Jan Hadl , Nelson Higuera , Johannes Oetsch

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in various tasks involving textual and visual inputs but still struggle with complex multimodal mathematical reasoning, lagging behind proprietary models like GPT-4V(ision) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Fangkai Jiao , Meng Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve human-level performance in various tasks, they continue to face challenges when it comes to effectively tackling multi-step physics reasoning tasks. To identify the shortcomings of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Avinash Anand , Janak Kapuriya , Apoorv Singh , Jay Saraf , Naman Lal , Astha Verma , Rushali Gupta , Rajiv Shah

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance in cross-modal understanding across textual and visual inputs, yet existing benchmarks predominantly focus on pure-text queries. In real-world scenarios, language also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qing'an Liu , Juntong Feng , Yuhao Wang , Xinzhe Han , Yujie Cheng , Yue Zhu , Haiwen Diao , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in vision language models (VLMs) is crucial for improving interpretability and trustworthiness. However, current training recipes lack robust CoT reasoning data, relying on datasets dominated by short…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ruohong Zhang , Bowen Zhang , Yanghao Li , Haotian Zhang , Zhiqing Sun , Zhe Gan , Yinfei Yang , Ruoming Pang , Yiming Yang

With the rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) in medicine, simply integrating clinical text and medical imaging does not guarantee reliable reasoning. Existing multimodal models often produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zelin Zang , Wenyi Gu , Siqi Ma , Dan Yang , Yue Shen , Zhu Zhang , Guohui Fan , Wing-Kuen Ling , Fuji Yang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved notable gains in various tasks by incorporating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in language spaces. Recent work extends this direction by leveraging external tools for visual editing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bangzheng Li , Ximeng Sun , Jiang Liu , Ze Wang , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Hao Chen , Emad Barsoum , Muhao Chen , Zicheng Liu

Reasoning is a critical frontier for advancing medical image analysis, where transparency and trustworthiness play a central role in both clinician trust and regulatory approval. Although Medical Visual Language Models (VLMs) show promise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jiazhen Pan , Che Liu , Junde Wu , Fenglin Liu , Jiayuan Zhu , Hongwei Bran Li , Chen Chen , Cheng Ouyang , Daniel Rueckert

In this paper, the LCV2 modular method is proposed for the Grounded Visual Question Answering task in the vision-language multimodal domain. This approach relies on a frozen large language model (LLM) as intermediate mediator between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yuhan Chen , Lumei Su , Lihua Chen , Zhiwei Lin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various multi-modal tasks, but they are often bottlenecked by the limited context window and high computational cost of processing high-resolution image inputs and videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xubing Ye , Yukang Gan , Xiaoke Huang , Yixiao Ge , Yansong Tang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are essential to Embodied AI, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act in complex environments. They also serve as the foundation for the recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. Yet most evaluations of…

Chart understanding presents a unique challenge for large vision-language models (LVLMs), as it requires the integration of sophisticated textual and visual reasoning capabilities. However, current LVLMs exhibit a notable imbalance between…

The rapid success of Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) often depends on the high-resolution images with abundant visual tokens, which hinders training and deployment efficiency. Current training-free visual token compression methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jianjian Li , Junquan Fan , Feng Tang , Gang Huang , Shitao Zhu , Songlin Liu , Nian Xie , Wulong Liu , Yong Liao

Visual Question Answering (VQA) often involves diverse reasoning scenarios across Vision and Language (V&L). Most prior VQA studies, however, have merely focused on assessing the model's overall accuracy without evaluating it on different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jihyung Kil , Farideh Tavazoee , Dongyeop Kang , Joo-Kyung Kim