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Evaluating the performance of LLMs in multi-turn human-agent interactions presents significant challenges, particularly due to the complexity and variability of user behavior. In this paper, we introduce HammerBench, a novel benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jun Wang , Jiamu Zhou , Muning Wen , Xiaoyun Mo , Haoyu Zhang , Qiqiang Lin , Cheng Jin , Xihuai Wang , Weinan Zhang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang

This survey examines evaluation methods for large language model (LLM)-based agents in multi-turn conversational settings. Using a PRISMA-inspired framework, we systematically reviewed nearly 250 scholarly sources, capturing the state of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shengyue Guan , Jindong Wang , Jiang Bian , Bin Zhu , Jian-guang Lou , Haoyi Xiong

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

Limited access to mental healthcare, extended wait times, and increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led individuals to turn to LLMs for fulfilling their mental health needs. However, examining the multi-turn mental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Mohit Chandra , Siddharth Sriraman , Harneet Singh Khanuja , Yiqiao Jin , Munmun De Choudhury

Coding agents are rapidly changing the landscape of software development, moving from inline completion to autonomous systems that edit repositories, open pull requests, respond to issues, and run scheduled or webhook triggered routines…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Nghi D. Q. Bui , Georgios Evangelopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across various reasoning tasks. However, even state-of-the-art LLMs such as ChatGPT are prone to logical errors during their reasoning processes. Existing solutions, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Chi Hu , Yuan Ge , Xiangnan Ma , Hang Cao , Qiang Li , Yonghua Yang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Agentic workflows, where multiple AI agents collaborate to accomplish complex tasks like reasoning or planning, play a substantial role in many cutting-edge commercial applications, and continue to fascinate researchers across fields for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Deepak Pandita , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Ankit Parag Shah , Isabelle Diana May-Xin Ng , Christopher M. Homan , Wei Wei

Progress in language model development is often driven by comparative decisions: which architecture to adopt, which pretraining corpus to use, or which training recipe to apply. Making these decisions well requires reliable performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Arkil Patel , Siva Reddy , Marius Mosbach , Dzmitry Bahdanau

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in recommendation systems (RecSys) by using them as either knowledge enhancer or zero-shot ranker. A key challenge lies in the large semantic gap between LLMs and RecSys where the former…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Guangneng Hu

Recent advances in large language models have led to strong performance on reasoning and environment-interaction tasks, yet their ability for creative problem-solving remains underexplored. We study this capability through the lens of…

As Language Models (LMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents, accurately forecasting their capabilities becomes crucial for societal preparedness. We evaluate six forecasting methods that predict downstream capabilities of LM agents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Govind Pimpale , Axel Højmark , Jérémy Scheurer , Marius Hobbhahn

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of artificial intelligence. Yet, evaluating them comprehensively remains challenging. We argue that this is partly due to the predominant focus on performance metrics in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Julian Coda-Forno , Marcel Binz , Jane X. Wang , Eric Schulz

Recent LLM benchmarks have tested models on a range of phenomena, but are still focused primarily on natural language understanding for extraction of explicit information, such as QA or summarization, with responses often targeting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lanni Bu , Lauren Levine , Amir Zeldes

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding potential for role-playing applications. Evaluating these capabilities is becoming crucial yet remains challenging. Existing benchmarks mostly adopt a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hao Xiang , Tianyi Tang , Yang Su , Bowen Yu , An Yang , Fei Huang , Yichang Zhang , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin , Le Sun

Detecting evidence within the context is a key step in the process of reasoning task. Evaluating and enhancing the capabilities of LLMs in evidence detection will strengthen context-based reasoning performance. This paper proposes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zhouhong Gu , Lin Zhang , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Jiangjie Chen , Wenhao Huang , Yikai Zhang , Shusen Wang , Zheyu Ye , Yan Gao , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

Current language model safety paradigms often fall short in emotionally charged or high-stakes settings, where refusal-only approaches may alienate users and naive compliance can amplify risk. We propose ProSocialAlign, a test-time,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Sayantan Adak , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Animesh Mukherjee , Rima Hazra

Process Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial in complex reasoning and problem-solving tasks (e.g., LLM agents with long-horizon decision-making) by verifying the correctness of each intermediate reasoning step. In real-world scenarios, LLMs may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiang Li , Haiyang Yu , Xinghua Zhang , Ziyang Huang , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

We study predictive multilingual evaluation: estimating how well a model will perform on a task in a target language when direct benchmark results are missing. This problem is common in multilingual deployment, where evaluation coverage is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Avni Mittal , Shanu Kumar , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) for mental health support is challenging due to the emotionally and cognitively complex nature of therapeutic dialogue. Existing benchmarks are limited in scale, reliability, often relying on…

As LLM agents transition from short, static problem solving to executing complex, long-horizon tasks in dynamic environments, the ability to handle user interruptions, such as adding requirement or revising goals, during mid-task execution…