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Autoregressive neural PDE surrogates predict future states by repeatedly applying a learned one-step operator. This is a simple and widely used method, but small one-step errors can accumulate during long rollouts. The resulting drift often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiayi Li , Penghao Jiang , Hira Saleem , Zhaonan Wang , Piotr Koniusz , Flora D. Salim

Learning PDE dynamics with neural solvers can significantly improve wall-clock efficiency and accuracy compared with classical numerical solvers. In recent years, foundation models for PDEs have largely adopted multi-scale windowed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiayi Li , Flora D. Salim

Spectral methods which represent data points by eigenvectors of kernel matrices or graph Laplacian matrices have been a primary tool in unsupervised data analysis. In many application scenarios, parametrizing the spectral embedding by a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-15 Ziyu Chen , Yingzhou Li , Xiuyuan Cheng

Recent advancements in operator-type neural networks have shown promising results in approximating the solutions of spatiotemporal Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). However, these neural networks often entail considerable training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Shuhao Cao , Francesco Brarda , Ruipeng Li , Yuanzhe Xi

Neural operators have been validated as promising deep surrogate models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Despite the critical role of boundary conditions in PDEs, however, only a limited number of neural operators robustly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Ziyuan Liu , Yuhang Wu , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Hong Zhang , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Motivated by classical work on the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations we present a ResNet-styled neural network architecture that encodes non-expansive (1-Lipschitz) operators, as long as the spectral norms of the…

Accurate modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics is crucial to understanding complex phenomena across science and engineering. However, this task faces a fundamental challenge when the governing equations are unknown and observational data are…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Rui Zhang , Han Wan , Yang Liu , Hao Sun

By learning the mappings between infinite function spaces using carefully designed neural networks, the operator learning methodology has exhibited significantly more efficiency than traditional methods in solving complex problems such as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-06 Ziyuan Liu , Haifeng Wang , Hong Zhang , Kaijuna Bao , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Operator eigenvalue problems play a critical role in various scientific fields and engineering applications, yet numerical methods are hindered by the curse of dimensionality. Recent deep learning methods provide an efficient approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hong Wang , Jiang Yixuan , Jie Wang , Xinyi Li , Jian Luo , Huanshuo Dong

Modeling high-frequency information is a critical challenge in scientific machine learning. For instance, fully turbulent flow simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations at Reynolds numbers 3500 and above can generate high-frequency signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Marimuthu Kalimuthu , David Holzmüller , Mathias Niepert

Neural operators have emerged as powerful tools for learning solution operators of partial differential equations. However, in time-dependent problems, standard training strategies such as teacher forcing introduce a mismatch between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zaijun Ye , Chen-Song Zhang , Wansheng Wang

High-frequency features are critical in multiscale phenomena such as turbulent flows and phase transitions, since they encode essential physical information. The recently proposed Wavelet Neural Operator (WNO) utilizes wavelets'…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Wei-Min Lei , Hou-Biao Li

Neural operators have emerged as a powerful tool for learning the mapping between infinite-dimensional parameter and solution spaces of partial differential equations (PDEs). In this work, we focus on multiscale PDEs that have important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xinliang Liu , Bo Xu , Shuhao Cao , Lei Zhang

Spectral neural operators, particularly Fourier Neural Operators (FNO), are a powerful framework for learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) due to their efficient global mixing in the frequency domain. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chun-Wun Cheng , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Angelica I. Aviles-Rivero

Cross-Reynolds generalisation in neural PDE solvers remains poorly characterised. On the canonical forced 2D Navier-Stokes benchmark, a trained Fourier Neural Operator reaches 46.68% relative L2 error under a 10x Reynolds-number shift, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianing Shi

Neural operators learn mappings from function-dependent inputs to solutions, providing an effective framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). For time-dependent PDEs, existing methods typically perform long-horizon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiaquan Zhang , Caiyan Qin , Haoyu Bian , Libin Cai , Yi Lu , Chaoning Zhang , Wei Dong , Yuanfang Guo , Yang Yang , Hen Tao Shen

Learning PDE dynamics from limited data with unknown physics is challenging. Existing neural PDE solvers either require large datasets or rely on known physics (e.g., PDE residuals or handcrafted stencils), leading to limited applicability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Han Wan , Rui Zhang , Hao Sun

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by neural networks as well as Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), including physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), physics-informed KANs (PIKANs), and neural operators, are known to exhibit…

Solutions to many partial differential equations (PDEs) display coexisting smooth global transport and localized sharp features within a single trajectory: shock fronts, thin interfaces, and concentrated high-frequency content sit on top of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yingzhe Ma , Xiao Yang , Yuxin Xie , Zihan Xiong , Jinliang Liu

The recently introduced DeepONet operator-learning framework for PDE control is extended from the results for basic hyperbolic and parabolic PDEs to an advanced hyperbolic class that involves delays on both the state and the system output…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Jie Qi , Jing Zhang , Miroslav Krstic
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