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Conventional multi-label classification (MLC) methods assume that all samples are fully labeled and identically distributed. Unfortunately, this assumption is unrealistic in large-scale MLC data that has long-tailed (LT) distribution and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Wenqiao Zhang , Changshuo Liu , Lingze Zeng , Beng Chin Ooi , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a subfield of machine learning with important applications, but the multi-objective nature of optimization in MTL leads to difficulties in balancing training between tasks. The best MTL optimization methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Michael Crawshaw , Jana Košecká

Bilevel optimization has recently attracted significant attention in machine learning due to its wide range of applications and advanced hierarchical optimization capabilities. In this paper, we propose a plug-and-play framework, named…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Tianshu Chu , Dachuan Xu , Wei Yao , Chengming Yu , Jin Zhang

Pareto Front Learning (PFL) was recently introduced as an efficient method for approximating the entire Pareto front, the set of all optimal solutions to a Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) problem. In the previous work, the mapping…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Tran Anh Tuan , Long P. Hoang , Dung D. Le , Tran Ngoc Thang

Bilevel optimization has arisen as a powerful tool for many machine learning problems such as meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and reinforcement learning. In this paper, we investigate the nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Kaiyi Ji , Junjie Yang , Yingbin Liang

Bilevel optimization problems are a class of challenging optimization problems, which contain two levels of optimization tasks. In these problems, the optimal solutions to the lower level problem become possible feasible candidates to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-10-08 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Kalyanmoy Deb

Different conflicting optimization criteria arise naturally in various Deep Learning scenarios. These can address different main tasks (i.e., in the setting of Multi-Task Learning), but also main and secondary tasks such as loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 S. S. Hotegni , M. Berkemeier , S. Peitz

Multi-task learning aims to learn multiple related tasks simultaneously and has achieved great success in various fields. However, the disparity in loss and gradient scales among tasks often leads to performance compromises, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Baijiong Lin , Weisen Jiang , Feiyang Ye , Yu Zhang , Pengguang Chen , Ying-Cong Chen , Shu Liu , Ivor W. Tsang , James T. Kwok

In this paper, we introduce a new functional point of view on bilevel optimization problems for machine learning, where the inner objective is minimized over a function space. These types of problems are most often solved by using methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-10 Ieva Petrulionyte , Julien Mairal , Michael Arbel

Multi-task learning, which optimizes performance across multiple tasks, is inherently a multi-objective optimization problem. Various algorithms are developed to provide discrete trade-off solutions on the Pareto front. Recently, continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Weiyu Chen , James T. Kwok

Regularization techniques are crucial to improving the generalization performance and training efficiency of deep neural networks. Many deep learning algorithms rely on weight decay, dropout, batch/layer normalization to converge faster and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Peng Lu , Ahmad Rashid , Ivan Kobyzev , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Philippe Langlais

Bilevel optimization (BO) is useful for solving a variety of important machine learning problems including but not limited to hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning, continual learning, and reinforcement learning. Conventional BO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Mao Ye , Bo Liu , Stephen Wright , Peter Stone , Qiang Liu

In this paper, we study the Multi-Objective Bi-Level Optimization (MOBLO) problem, where the upper-level subproblem is a multi-objective optimization problem and the lower-level subproblem is for scalar optimization. Existing gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Feiyang Ye , Baijiong Lin , Xiaofeng Cao , Yu Zhang , Ivor Tsang

We study bilevel optimization problems where the lower-level problems are strongly convex and have coupled linear constraints. To overcome the potential non-smoothness of the hyper-objective and the computational challenges associated with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Wei Shen , Jiawei Zhang , Minhui Huang , Cong Shen

Large language models (LLMs) often make accurate next token predictions but their confidence in these predictions can be poorly calibrated: high-confidence predictions are frequently wrong, and low-confidence predictions may be correct.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nisarg Parikh , Ananya Sai , Pannaga Shivaswamy , Kunjal Panchal , Andrew Lan

In this paper, we investigate the problem of stochastic multi-level compositional optimization, where the objective function is a composition of multiple smooth but possibly non-convex functions. Existing methods for solving this problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Wei Jiang , Bokun Wang , Yibo Wang , Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang

In multi-task learning, difficulty levels of different tasks are varying. There are many works to handle this situation and we classify them into five categories, including the direct sum approach, the weighted sum approach, the maximum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Sicong Liang , Yu Zhang

Learning to Optimize (L2O) approaches, including algorithm unrolling, plug-and-play methods, and hyperparameter learning, have garnered significant attention and have been successfully applied to the Alternating Direction Method of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Ling Liang , Cameron Austin , Haizhao Yang

Many combinatorial optimization problems entail a number of hierarchically dependent optimization problems. An often used solution is to associate a suitably large cost with each individual optimization problem, such that the solution of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-04-02 Josep Argelich , Ines Lynce , Joao Marques-Silva

Bilevel optimization has garnered significant attention in the machine learning community recently, particularly regarding the development of efficient numerical methods. While substantial progress has been made in developing efficient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Qichao Cao , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang