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Permission analysis is a widely used method for Android malware detection. It involves examining the permissions requested by an application to access sensitive data or perform potentially malicious actions. In recent years, various machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ahmed Sabbah , Radi Jarrar , Samer Zein , David Mohaisen

The deep learning approach to detecting malicious software (malware) is promising but has yet to tackle the problem of dataset shift, namely that the joint distribution of examples and their labels associated with the test set is different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Deqiang Li , Tian Qiu , Shuo Chen , Qianmu Li , Shouhuai Xu

Despite outstanding results, machine learning-based Android malware detection models struggle with concept drift, where rapidly evolving malware characteristics degrade model effectiveness. This study examines the impact of concept drift on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ahmed Sabbah , Radi Jarrar , Samer Zein , David Mohaisen

Machine Learning (ML) promises to enhance the efficacy of Android Malware Detection (AMD); however, ML models are vulnerable to realistic evasion attacks--crafting realizable Adversarial Examples (AEs) that satisfy Android malware domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hamid Bostani , Zhengyu Zhao , Zhuoran Liu , Veelasha Moonsamy

In the digitized world, smartphones and their apps play an important role. To name just a few examples, some apps offer possibilities for entertainment, others for online banking, and others offer support for two-factor authentication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Alexander Hefter , Christoph Sendner , Alexandra Dmitrienko

While graph-based Android malware classifiers achieve over 94% accuracy on standard benchmarks, they exhibit a significant generalization gap under distribution shift, suffering up to 45% performance degradation when encountering unseen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ngoc N. Tran , Anwar Said , Waseem Abbas , Tyler Derr , Xenofon D. Koutsoukos

The popularity of Android OS has made it an appealing target to malware developers. To evade detection, including by ML-based techniques, attackers invest in creating malware that closely resemble legitimate apps. In this paper, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Nadia Daoudi , Kevin Allix , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

Machine-learning models have been recently used for detecting malicious Android applications, reporting impressive performances on benchmark datasets, even when trained only on features statically extracted from the application, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Marco Melis , Davide Maiorca , Battista Biggio , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

Android malware detection systems suffer severe performance degradation over time due to concept drift caused by evolving malicious and benign app behaviors. Although recent methods leverage active learning and hierarchical contrastive loss…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Md Ahsanul Haque , Md Mahmuduzzaman Kamol , Suresh Kumar Amalapuram , Vladik Kreinovich , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

Since Google unveiled Android OS for smartphones, malware are thriving with 3Vs, i.e. volume, velocity, and variety. A recent report indicates that one out of every five business/industry mobile application leaks sensitive personal data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Hemant Rathore , Sanjay K. Sahay , Ritvik Rajvanshi , Mohit Sewak

In recent years, learning-based Android malware detection has seen significant advancements, with detectors generally falling into three categories: string-based, image-based, and graph-based approaches. While these methods have shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Doan Minh Trung , Tien Duc Anh Hao , Luong Hoang Minh , Nghi Hoang Khoa , Nguyen Tan Cam , Van-Hau Pham , Phan The Duy

Machine learning (ML)-based Android malware detection has been one of the most popular research topics in the mobile security community. An increasing number of research studies have demonstrated that machine learning is an effective and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yue Liu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Li Li , Yepang Liu

Researchers have proposed kinds of malware detection methods to solve the explosive mobile security threats. We argue that the experiment results are inflated due to the research bias introduced by the variability of malware dataset. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yan Lin , Tianming Liu , Wei Liu , Zhigaoyuan Wang , Li Li , Guoai Xu , Haoyu Wang

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of benign and malicious Android applications, based on static features. In particular, we focus our attention on the permissions requested by an application. We consider both binary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Neeraj Chavan , Fabio Di Troia , Mark Stamp

Machine learning-based Android malware classifiers achieve high accuracy in stationary environments but struggle with concept drift. The rapid evolution of malware, especially with new families, can depress classification accuracy to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yiling He , Junchi Lei , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated significant advancements in Android malware detection (AMD); however, the resilience of ML against realistic evasion attacks remains a major obstacle for AMD. One of the primary factors contributing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Hamid Bostani , Zhengyu Zhao , Veelasha Moonsamy

The impressive growth of smartphone devices in combination with the rising ubiquity of using mobile platforms for sensitive applications such as Internet banking, have triggered a rapid increase in mobile malware. In recent literature, many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Harris Papadopoulos , Nestoras Georgiou , Charalambos Eliades , Andreas Konstantinidis

Android malware detection has been extensively studied using both traditional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches. While many state-of-the-art detection models, particularly those based on DL, claim superior performance,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Guojun Liu , Doina Caragea , Xinming Ou , Sankardas Roy

Machine Learning (ML)-based detectors are becoming essential to counter the proliferation of malware. However, common ML algorithms are not designed to cope with the dynamic nature of real-world settings, where both legitimate and malicious…

AI methods have been proven to yield impressive performance on Android malware detection. However, most AI-based methods make predictions of suspicious samples in a black-box manner without transparency on models' inference. The expectation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zhi Lu , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing
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