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Computational materials science and chemistry span vast knowledge domains and fractured software ecosystems. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated research capabilities, scaling monolithic agents to manage the rigor and…

The rapid development and adoption of Generative AI (GAI) technology in the form of chatbots such as ChatGPT and Claude has greatly increased interest in agentic machines. This paper introduces the Autonomous Cognitive Entity (ACE) model, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-02 David Shapiro , Wangfan Li , Manuel Delaflor , Carlos Toxtli

Clinical image interpretation is inherently multi-step and tool-centric: clinicians iteratively combine visual evidence with patient context, quantify findings, and refine their decisions through a sequence of specialized procedures. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Lin Fan , Pengyu Dai , Zhipeng Deng , Haolin Wang , Xun Gong , Yefeng Zheng , Yafei Ou

The merit of ensemble learning lies in having different outputs from many individual models on a single input, i.e., the diversity of the base models. The high quality of diversity can be achieved when each model is specialized to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Sihwan Kim , Dae Yon Jung , Taejang Park

Meta-Learning algorithms for few-shot learning aim to train neural networks capable of generalizing to novel tasks using only a few examples. Early-stopping is critical for performance, halting model training when it reaches optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Simon Guiroy , Christopher Pal , Gonçalo Mordido , Sarath Chandar

Information workers' productivity is significantly influenced by their cognitive states and physiological responses. AI assistants such as ChatGPT, Copilot, and others have become integral components of knowledge-intensive workplaces. These…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Amog Rao , Utkarsh Agarwal , Amol Harsh , Siddharth Siddharth

Recent advancements in machine learning and adaptive cognitive systems are driving a growing demand for large and richly annotated multimodal data. A prominent example of this trend are fusion models, which increasingly incorporate multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Rathi Adarshi Rammohan , Moritz Meier , Dennis Küster , Tanja Schultz

Harnesses are now central to coding-agent performance, mediating how models interact with tools and execution environments. Yet harness engineering remains a manual craft, because automating it faces a heterogeneous action space across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiahang Lin , Shichun Liu , Chengjun Pan , Lizhi Lin , Shihan Dou , Zhiheng Xi , Xuanjing Huang , Hang Yan , Zhenhua Han , Tao Gui , Yu-Gang Jiang

Learning from experience is critical for building capable large language model (LLM) agents, yet prevailing self-evolving paradigms remain inefficient: agents learn in isolation, repeatedly rediscover similar behaviors from limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenxi Wang , Zhuoyun Yu , Xin Xie , Wuguannan Yao , Runnan Fang , Shuofei Qiao , Kexin Cao , Guozhou Zheng , Xiang Qi , Peng Zhang , Shumin Deng

Training multimodal networks requires a vast amount of data due to their larger parameter space compared to unimodal networks. Active learning is a widely used technique for reducing data annotation costs by selecting only those samples…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Meng Shen , Yizheng Huang , Jianxiong Yin , Heqing Zou , Deepu Rajan , Simon See

Motivated by concerns that AI-driven entry-level automation may deprive new generations of valuable work experience, this paper studies how technological change affects the intergenerational transmission of tacit knowledge -- practical,…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-03 Enrique Ide

The transition from monolithic language models to modular, skill-equipped agents marks a defining shift in how large language models (LLMs) are deployed in practice. Rather than encoding all procedural knowledge within model weights, agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Renjun Xu , Yang Yan

The rapid proliferation of Claude agent skills has raised the central question of how to effectively leverage, manage, and scale the agent skill ecosystem. In this paper, we propose AgentSkillOS, the first principled framework for skill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hao Li , Chunjiang Mu , Jianhao Chen , Siyue Ren , Zhiyao Cui , Yiqun Zhang , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Decomposing knowledge into interchangeable pieces promises a generalization advantage when there are changes in distribution. A learning agent interacting with its environment is likely to be faced with situations requiring novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Kanika Madan , Nan Rosemary Ke , Anirudh Goyal , Bernhard Schölkopf , Yoshua Bengio

Transformer-based audio self-supervised learning (SSL) models commonly use spectrograms, vision-style Transformers, and masked modeling objectives. However, convolutional patchification with temporal downsampling lowers the effective…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kohei Yamamoto , Kosuke Okusa

The learning efficiency and generalization ability of an intelligent agent can be greatly improved by utilizing a useful set of skills. However, the design of robot skills can often be intractable in real-world applications due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Kuan Fang , Yuke Zhu , Silvio Savarese , Li Fei-Fei

True self-evolution requires agents to act as lifelong learners that internalize novel experiences to solve future problems. However, rigorously measuring this foundational capability is hindered by two obstacles: the entanglement of prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiarui Yuan , Tailin Jin , Weize Chen , Zeyuan Liu

Skill libraries enable large language model agents to reuse experience from past interactions, but most existing libraries store skills as isolated entries and retrieve them only by semantic similarity. This leads to two key challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xiaoyuan Li , Moxin Li , Keqin Bao , Yubo Ma , Wenjie Wang , Dayiheng Liu , Fuli Feng

Behavioural cloning has been extensively used to train agents and is recognized as a fast and solid approach to teach general behaviours based on expert trajectories. Such method follows the supervised learning paradigm and it strongly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Federico Malato , Joona Jehkonen , Ville Hautamäki

Autonomous AI agents operating in dynamic environments face a persistent challenge: acquiring new capabilities without erasing prior knowledge. We present Adaptive Memory Crystallization (AMC), a memory architecture for progressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rajat Khanda , Mohammad Baqar Sambuddha Chakrabarti , Satyasaran Changdar