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Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a means of obtaining approximate solutions of partial differential equations and systems through the minimisation of an objective function which includes the evaluation of a residual function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jose Florido , He Wang , Amirul Khan , Peter K. Jimack

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising framework for solving forward and inverse problems governed by differential equations. However, their reliability when used in ill-posed inverse problems remains poorly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 J. Penuela , H. Ouerdane

As an alternative to PINNs, a Deep Ritz framework is proposed to solve fully nonlinear PDEs. A least-squares algorithm is advocated to decouple the nonlinearities from the variational features of several fully nonlinear PDEs. A splitting…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Alexandre Caboussat , Martin T. Leclercq , Anna Peruso

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising way to compute the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep neural networks. However, despite their significant success in various fields, it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Seungchan Ko , Sang Hyeon Park

Despite the great promise of the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in solving forward and inverse problems, several technical challenges are present as roadblocks for more complex and realistic applications. First, most existing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Han Gao , Matthew J. Zahr , Jian-Xun Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been popularized as a deep learning framework that can seamlessly synthesize observational data and partial differential equation (PDE) constraints. Their practical effectiveness however can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sifan Wang , Shyam Sankaran , Hanwen Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are numerical solvers that embed all the physical information of a system into the loss function of a neural network. In this way the learned solution accounts for data (if available), the governing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrés Martínez-Esteban , Pablo Calvo-Barlés , Luis Martín-Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) represent two distinct machine learning frameworks for modeling nonlinear neuronal dynamics. This study systematically evaluates their performance…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Nikolaos M. Matzakos , Chrisovalantis Sfyrakis

We develop a flexible framework based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for solving boundary value problems involving minimal surfaces in curved spacetimes, with a particular emphasis on singularities and moving boundaries. By…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-17 Koji Hashimoto , Koichi Kyo , Masaki Murata , Gakuto Ogiwara , Norihiro Tanahashi

The solution of partial differential equations (PDES) on irregular domains has long been a subject of significant research interest. In this work, we present an approach utilizing physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to achieve…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Cuizhi Zhou , Kaien Zhu

We investigate the high-precision training of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) in unbounded domains, with a special focus on applications to singularity formulation in PDEs. We propose a modularized approach and study the choices of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yixuan Wang , Ziming Liu , Zongyi Li , Anima Anandkumar , Thomas Y. Hou

This paper introduces a framework based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for addressing key challenges in nonlinear lattices, including solution approximation, bifurcation diagram construction, and linear stability analysis. We…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Muhammad Luthfi Shahab , Fidya Almira Suheri , Rudy Kusdiantara , Hadi Susanto

We introduce conditional PINNs (physics informed neural networks) for estimating the solution of classes of eigenvalue problems. The concept of PINNs is expanded to learn not only the solution of one particular differential equation but the…

Although physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown great potential in dealing with nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), it is common that PINNs will suffer from the problem of insufficient precision or obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Feilong Jiang , Xiaonan Hou , Min Xia

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), owing to their mesh-free nature, offer a powerful approach for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) in complex geometries, including irregular domains. This capability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Hanfei Zhou , Lei Shi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as effective methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in various problems. Substantial research focuses on the failure modes of PINNs due to their frequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yesom Park , Changhoon Song , Myungjoo Kang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have shown continuous and increasing promise in approximating partial differential equations (PDEs), although they remain constrained by the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Sai Karthikeya Vemuri , Tim Büchner , Julia Niebling , Joachim Denzler

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a major research focus. However, today's PINNs encounter several limitations. Firstly, during the construction of the loss function using automatic differentiation, PINNs often…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Heyang Wang , Pao-Hsiung Chiu

We present a unified theoretical framework for analyzing the stability and consistency of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), grounded in operator coercivity, variational formulations, and non-asymptotic perturbation theory. PINNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Ronald Katende