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Multi-agent systems (MAS) solve complex problems through coordinated autonomous entities with individual decision-making capabilities. While Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) enables these agents to learn intelligent strategies, it…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xinren Zhang , Sixi Cheng , Zixin Zhong , Jiadong Yu

Optimizing large-language model (LLM) training on distributed domain-specific accelerator systems presents significant challenges due to its complex optimization space. Existing optimization methods, however, rely on time-consuming manual…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuran Ding , Xinwei Chen , Xiaofan Zhang , Zongwei Zhou

Agents, language model-based systems capable of reasoning, planning, and acting are widely adopted in real-world tasks, yet how their performance changes as these systems scale across key dimensions remains underexplored. We introduce…

Adaptivity, both of the individual agents and of the interaction structure among the agents, seems indispensable for scaling up multi-agent systems (MAS's) in noisy environments. One important consideration in designing adaptive agents is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 David H. Wolpert , Sergey Kirshner , Chris J. Merz , Kagan Tumer

The emergence of multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) has unlocked new frontiers in complex task-solving, enabling diverse agents to integrate unique expertise, collaborate flexibly, and address challenges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jingbo Wang , Sendong Zhao , Haochun Wang , Yuzheng Fan , Lizhe Zhang , Yan Liu , Ting Liu

While large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems achieve superior reasoning performance through iterative debate, practical deployment is limited by their high computational cost and error propagation. This paper proposes AgentArk, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yinyi Luo , Yiqiao Jin , Weichen Yu , Mengqi Zhang , Srijan Kumar , Xiaoxiao Li , Weijie Xu , Xin Chen , Jindong Wang

Single-agent systems (SAS) have become the default pattern for LLM-driven scientific workflows, but routing planning, tool use, and synthesis through a single context window comes with a well-known cost: as tool specifications and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jinpai Zhao , Albert Cerrone , Joannes Westerink , Clint Dawson

Although large language model (LLM) based multi-agent systems (MAS) show their capability to solve complex tasks and achieve higher performance over single agent systems, they lead to huge computational overheads because of heavy…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ziyang Ma , Dingyi Zhang , Sichu Liang , Jiajia Chu , Pengfei Xia , Hui Zang , Deyu Zhou

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has led to remarkable performances across various domains. However, this progress is accompanied by a substantial surge in the resource consumption of these models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Dingjie Song , Wenjun Wang , Shunian Chen , Xidong Wang , Michael Guan , Benyou Wang

The design space of agentic AI inference spans two extremes: frontier large language models (LLMs), typically hosted in the cloud and offering strong performance across a wide range of tasks at substantially high cost, and more…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Corrado Rainone , Davide Belli , Bence Major , Arash Behboodi

Large Language Model (LLM) agents struggle with long-horizon software engineering tasks due to "Context Bloat." As interaction history grows, computational costs explode, latency increases, and reasoning capabilities degrade due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nikhil Verma

Large language model-based multi-agent systems have shown great abilities across various tasks due to the collaboration of expert agents, each focusing on a specific domain. However, the impact of clumsy or even malicious agents--those who…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jen-tse Huang , Jiaxu Zhou , Tailin Jin , Xuhui Zhou , Zixi Chen , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Michael R. Lyu , Maarten Sap

Despite the impressive capabilities of large language models, their substantial computational costs, latency, and privacy risks hinder their widespread deployment in real-world applications. Small Language Models (SLMs) with fewer than 10…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinlin Wang , Mats Brorsson

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse NLP tasks. Extensive research has explored how to enhance the logical reasoning abilities such as Chain-of-Thought, Chain-of-Thought with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Tongxuan Liu , Xingyu Wang , Weizhe Huang , Wenjiang Xu , Yuting Zeng , Lei Jiang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to push the boundaries of LLM capabilities, yet they often incur significant costs and face challenges in dynamic LLM selection. Current LLM routing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yanwei Yue , Guibin Zhang , Boyang Liu , Guancheng Wan , Kun Wang , Dawei Cheng , Yiyan Qi

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in solving complex tasks, yet their effectiveness depends heavily on the underlying communication topology that coordinates agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hongjiang Chen , Xin Zheng , Yixin Liu , Pengfei Jiao , Shiyuan Li , Huan Liu , Zhidong Zhao , Ziqi Xu , Ibrahim Khalil , Shirui Pan

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has accelerated the adoption of agent-based workflows, where multiple autonomous agents reason, invoke functions, and collaborate to compose complex data pipelines. However, current…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zoi Kaoudi , Ioana Giurgiu

Large Language Model (LLM)-driven Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have demonstrated strong capability in complex reasoning and tool use, and heterogeneous agent pools further broaden the quality--cost trade-off space. Despite these advances,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xudong Wang , Chaoning Zhang , Jiaquan Zhang , Chenghao Li , Qigan Sun , Sung-Ho Bae , Peng Wang , Ning Xie , Jie Zou , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

Multi-agent systems (MAS) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to solve tasks that are beyond the reach of any single LLM. However, this potential can only be realized when the collaboration mechanism between agents is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nurbek Tastan , Samuel Horvath , Karthik Nandakumar

Multi-agent systems (MAS) utilizing multiple Large Language Model agents with Retrieval Augmented Generation and that can execute code locally may become beneficial in cosmological data analysis. Here, we illustrate a first small step…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Andrew Laverick , Kristen Surrao , Inigo Zubeldia , Boris Bolliet , Miles Cranmer , Antony Lewis , Blake Sherwin , Julien Lesgourgues