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Quantization is an indispensable technique for serving Large Language Models (LLMs) and has recently found its way into LoRA fine-tuning. In this work we focus on the scenario where quantization and LoRA fine-tuning are applied together on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yixiao Li , Yifan Yu , Chen Liang , Pengcheng He , Nikos Karampatziakis , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Quantization has emerged as a mainstream approach for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices, yet compressing precision below 4-bit typically causes severe performance degradation or prohibitive retraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shu-Hao Zhang , Le-Tong Huang , Xiang-Sheng Deng , Xin-Yi Zou , Chen Wu , Nan Li , Shao-Qun Zhang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Recently, significant progress has been made in developing reasoning-capable Large Language Models (LLMs) through long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. However, this long-CoT reasoning process imposes substantial memory overhead due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tengxuan Liu , Shiyao Li , Jiayi Yang , Tianchen Zhao , Feng Zhou , Xiaohui Song , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

We introduce ReALLM, a novel approach for compression and memory-efficient adaptation of pre-trained language models that encompasses most of the post-training quantization and fine-tuning methods for a budget of <4 bits. Pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Louis Leconte , Lisa Bedin , Van Minh Nguyen , Eric Moulines

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is widely adopted to quantize language models by training full-precision weights using gradients from the quantized model. The main bottleneck is its slow convergence and early performance plateau,…

In the era of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization helps fit models on edge device by reducing memory and compute bit-widths. However, three challenges persist for energy constrained hardware: (1) even after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Chenyu Wang , Zhanglu Yan , Zhi Zhou , Xu Chen , Weng-Fai Wong

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantization by preserving critical subspaces in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhe Ding , Su Pan , Duowei Pan

Quantization approximates a deep network model with floating-point numbers by the one with low bit width numbers, in order to accelerate inference and reduce computation. Quantizing a model without access to the original data, zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Yan Luo , Yangcheng Gao , Zhao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Mingliang Xu , Meng Wang

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) is costly. However, post-training weight quantization can address this problem by both compressing their sizes for limited memory and saving bandwidth for acceleration. As not all weight dimensions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yuezhou Hu , Weiyu Huang , Zichen Liang , Chang Chen , Jintao Zhang , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Quantization is widely adopted to accelerate inference and reduce memory consumption in large language models (LLMs). While activation-weight joint quantization enables efficient low-precision decoding, it suffers from substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Juntao Zhao , Wenhao Lu , Sheng Wang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable results for a wide range of tasks. However, deploying these models for inference has been a significant challenge due to their unprecedented resource requirements. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sehoon Kim , Coleman Hooper , Amir Gholami , Zhen Dong , Xiuyu Li , Sheng Shen , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application is constrained by substantial memory and computational demands. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Chao Zeng , Songwei Liu , Yusheng Xie , Hong Liu , Xiaojian Wang , Miao Wei , Shu Yang , Fangmin Chen , Xing Mei

Quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently gained popularity, particularly for on-device settings with limited hardware resources. While efficient, quantization inevitably degrades model quality, especially in aggressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yeonhong Park , Jake Hyun , Hojoon Kim , Jae W. Lee

Quantization emerges as one of the most promising compression technologies for deploying efficient large models for various real time application in recent years. Considering that the storage and IO of weights take up the vast majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yi Guo , Fanliu Kong , Xiaoyang Li , Hui Li , Wei Chen , Xiaogang Tian , Jinping Cai , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a popular technique for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). In many real-world scenarios, multiple adapters are loaded simultaneously to enable LLM customization for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Amir Reza Mirzaei , Yuqiao Wen , Yanshuai Cao , Lili Mou

Layer-wise quantization is a key technique for efficiently compressing large models without expensive retraining. Previous methods typically quantize the weights of each layer by "uniformly" optimizing the layer reconstruction loss across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yi-Lin Sung , Prateek Yadav , Jialu Li , Jaehong Yoon , Mohit Bansal

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but suffer inefficiency due to massive scale. While quantization reduces computational costs, existing methods degrade accuracy in medium-sized LLMs (e.g., Llama-3-8B) due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuxuan Hu , Xiaodong Chen , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, albeit at the cost of immense memory and computation requirements. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is becoming the de facto method to reduce the memory footprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a widely adopted technique for compressing and accelerating Large Language Models (LLMs). The major challenge in LLM quantization is that uneven and heavy-tailed data distributions can expand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Xing Hu , Yuan Cheng , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Jiangyong Yu , Chen Xu , Zhe Jiang , Sifan Zhou