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Multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models in complex problem-solving; however, current MAS frameworks suffer from poor flexibility and scalability with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Heng Zhou , Hejia Geng , Xiangyuan Xue , Li Kang , Yiran Qin , Zhiyong Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lei Bai

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate that chain-of-thought prompting and deep reasoning substantially enhance performance on complex tasks, and multi-agent systems can further improve accuracy by enabling model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Yichi Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Xigui Li , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng

We propose GAM-Agent, a game-theoretic multi-agent framework for enhancing vision-language reasoning. Unlike prior single-agent or monolithic models, GAM-Agent formulates the reasoning process as a non-zero-sum game between base…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jusheng Zhang , Yijia Fan , Wenjun Lin , Ruiqi Chen , Haoyi Jiang , Wenhao Chai , Jian Wang , Keze Wang

Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) require many coordination choices that are difficult to fix a priori: which skill protocol to invoke, which agent role should perform a subtask, which model to bind to each role, how…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Nicole Koenigstein

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents, often trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL), are constrained by a dependency on human-curated data, limiting scalability and tethering AI to human knowledge. Existing self-evolution frameworks offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Peng Xia , Kaide Zeng , Jiaqi Liu , Can Qin , Fang Wu , Yiyang Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Huaxiu Yao

Language agents perform complex tasks by using tools to execute each step precisely. However, most existing agents are based on proprietary models or designed to target specific tasks, such as mathematics or multi-hop question answering. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Joongwon Kim , Bhargavi Paranjape , Tushar Khot , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Multi-agent debate has proven effective in improving large language models quality for reasoning and factuality tasks. While various role-playing strategies in multi-agent debates have been explored, in terms of the communication among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yunxuan Li , Yibing Du , Jiageng Zhang , Le Hou , Peter Grabowski , Yeqing Li , Eugene Ie

Multi-agent architectures built on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the potential to realize swarm intelligence through well-crafted collaboration. However, the substantial burden of manual orchestration inherently raises an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Rui Li , Zeyu Zhang , Xiaohe Bo , Quanyu Dai , Chaozhuo Li , Feng Wen , Xu Chen

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models (LLMs) hold significant promise for solving complex decision-making tasks. However, the core process of collaborative decision-making (CDM) within these systems remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xuyang Zhao , Shiwan Zhao , Hualong Yu , Liting Zhang , Qicheng Li

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have recently shown impressive capabilities in complex reasoning and tool use via multi-step interactions with their environments. While these agents have the potential to tackle complicated tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiaye Lin , Yifu Guo , Yuzhen Han , Sen Hu , Ziyi Ni , Licheng Wang , Mingguang Chen , Hongzhang Liu , Ronghao Chen , Yangfan He , Daxin Jiang , Binxing Jiao , Chen Hu , Huacan Wang

Vision-language agents have achieved remarkable progress in a variety of multimodal reasoning tasks; however, their learning remains constrained by the limitations of human-annotated supervision. Recent self-rewarding approaches attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jiaqi Liu , Kaiwen Xiong , Peng Xia , Yiyang Zhou , Haonian Ji , Lu Feng , Siwei Han , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

Open-source pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong language understanding and generation capabilities, making them highly successful in a variety of tasks. However, when used as agents for dealing with complex problems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Qinhao Zhou , Zihan Zhang , Xiang Xiang , Ke Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, largely stimulated by Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). However, existing RL algorithms face a fundamental limitation:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Junnan Liu , Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Gholamreza Haffari

Test-time scaling has become an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning ability of large language models by allocating additional computation during inference. Recent structured approaches have further advanced this paradigm by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 George Wu , Nan Jing , Qing Yi , Chuan Hao , Ming Yang , Feng Chang , Yuan Wei , Jian Yang , Ran Tao , Bryan Dai

Reasoning and planning for mobile robots is a challenging problem, as the world evolves over time and thus the robot's goals may change. One technique to tackle this problem is goal reasoning, where the agent not only reasons about its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Daniel Swoboda , Till Hofmann , Tarik Viehmann , Gerhard Lakemeyer

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered Multi-agent systems (MAS) have achieved state-of-the-art results on various complex reasoning tasks. Recent works have proposed techniques to automate the design of MASes, eliminating the need for manual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bohan Yao , Shiva Krishna Reddy Malay , Vikas Yadav

Multi-agent systems built from prompted large language models can improve multi-round reasoning, yet most existing pipelines rely on fixed, trajectory-wide communication patterns that are poorly matched to the stage-dependent needs of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yuxing Lu , Yucheng Hu , Xukai Zhao , Jiuxin Cao

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the power of reasoning through self-generated chains of thought. Multiple reasoning agents can collaborate to raise joint reasoning quality above individual outcomes.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chan-Jan Hsu , Davide Buffelli , Jamie McGowan , Feng-Ting Liao , Yi-Chang Chen , Sattar Vakili , Da-shan Shiu

Agent systems based on large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in complex reasoning tasks, but building efficient and generalizable workflows remains a major challenge. Most existing approaches rely on manually designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Xiangqi Wang , Zirui Song , Lang Gao , Chenxi Wang , Xiangru Tang , Yue Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiangliang Zhang , Xiuying Chen
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