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Related papers: SkillMaster: Toward Autonomous Skill Mastery in LL…

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Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hangfan Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Zhimeng Guo , Huaisheng Zhu , Shicheng Liu , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Retrieval-augmented LLM agents increasingly rely on curated skill banks: collections of reusable textual principles that guide decision making on complex tasks. Existing approaches typically expand these banks in an append-only fashion,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wentao Hu , Zhendong Chu , Yiming Zhang , Junda Wu , Ming Jin , Xiangyu Zhao , Yilei Shao , Yanfeng Wang , Qingsong Wen

Despite rapid development, large language models (LLMs) still encounter challenges in multi-turn decision-making tasks (i.e., agent tasks) like web shopping and browser navigation, which require making a sequence of intelligent decisions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiheng Xi , Chenyang Liao , Guanyu Li , Yajie Yang , Wenxiang Chen , Zhihao Zhang , Binghai Wang , Senjie Jin , Yuhao Zhou , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Assistive agents should not only take actions on behalf of a human, but also step out of the way and cede control when there are important decisions to be made. However, current methods for building assistive agents, whether via mimicking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Evan Ellis , Vivek Myers , Jens Tuyls , Sergey Levine , Anca Dragan , Benjamin Eysenbach

As LLM agents are increasingly deployed with large libraries of reusable skills, selecting the right skill for a user request has become a critical systems challenge. In small libraries, users may invoke skills explicitly by name, but this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongcheol Cho , Ryangkyung Kang , Youngeun Kim

As model families, training recipes, and compute budgets become increasingly standardized, further gains in machine learning systems depend increasingly on data. Yet data engineering remains largely manual and ad hoc: practitioners…

In practical LLM applications, users repeatedly express stable preferences and requirements, such as reducing hallucinations, following institutional writing conventions, or avoiding overly technical wording, yet such interaction experience…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yutao Yang , Junsong Li , Qianjun Pan , Bihao Zhan , Yuxuan Cai , Lin Du , Jie Zhou , Kai Chen , Qin Chen , Xin Li , Bo Zhang , Liang He

Modern LLMs show mastery over an ever-growing range of skills, as well as the ability to compose them flexibly. However, extending model capabilities to new skills in a scalable manner is an open problem: fine-tuning and parameter-efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Antonin Berthon , Nicolas Astorga , Mihaela van der Schaar

Training agents to act competently in complex 3D environments from high-dimensional visual information is challenging. Reinforcement learning is conventionally used to train such agents, but requires a carefully designed reward function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Adam Jelley , Yuhan Cao , Dave Bignell , Amos Storkey , Sam Devlin , Tabish Rashid

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Agent skills are increasingly used to extend LLM agents with task-specific instructions, executable scripts, and auxiliary resources. While improving reusability, this modular design also introduces a new supply-chain attack surface: a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaojun Jia , Jie Liao , Simeng Qin , Jindong Gu , Wenqi Ren , Xiaochun Cao , Yang Liu , Philip Torr

Fine-tuning large language models for vertical domains remains labor-intensive, requiring practitioners to curate data, configure training, and iteratively diagnose model behavior. Despite growing interest in autonomous machine learning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Qizheng Li , Yifei Zhang , Xiao Yang , Xu Yang , Zhuo Wang , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian

Solving long-horizon, temporally-extended tasks using Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging, compounded by the common practice of learning without prior knowledge (or tabula rasa learning). Humans can generate and execute plans with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Bharat Prakash , Tim Oates , Tinoosh Mohsenin

Skill composition is the ability to combine previously learned skills to solve new tasks. As neural networks acquire increasingly complex skills during their pretraining, it is not clear how successfully they can compose them. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Paula Ontalvilla , Aitor Ormazabal , Gorka Azkune

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in various fields and intelligent agent applications. However, current LLMs that learn from human or external model supervision are costly and may face performance ceilings as task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhengwei Tao , Ting-En Lin , Xiancai Chen , Hangyu Li , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li , Zhi Jin , Fei Huang , Dacheng Tao , Jingren Zhou

Skill ecosystems for LLM agents have matured rapidly, yet recent benchmarks show that providing agents with more skills does not monotonically improve performance -- focused sets of 2-3 skills outperform comprehensive documentation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tianle Xia , Lingxiang Hu , Yiding Sun , Ming Xu , Lan Xu , Siying Wang , Wei Xu , Jie Jiang

In the era of (multi-modal) large language models, most operational processes can be reformulated and reproduced using LLM agents. The LLM agents can perceive, control, and get feedback from the environment so as to accomplish the given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yingxuan Yang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Ying Wen , Weinan Zhang

The functionality of Large Language Model (LLM) agents is primarily determined by two capabilities: action planning and answer summarization. The former, action planning, is the core capability that dictates an agent's performance. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhiwei Li , Yong Hu , Wenqing Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks, yet they remain fundamentally limited by their reliance on static internal knowledge and text-only reasoning. Real-world problem solving often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Joykirat Singh , Raghav Magazine , Yash Pandya , Akshay Nambi