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Financial time series forecasting is particularly challenging for transformer-based time series foundation models (TSFMs) due to non-stationarity, heavy-tailed distributions, and high-frequency noise present in data. Low-rank adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anthony Bolton , Wuyang Zhou , Zehua Chen , Giorgos Iacovides , Danilo Mandic

Financial time series forecasting presents significant challenges due to complex nonlinear relationships, temporal dependencies, variable interdependencies and limited data availability, particularly for tasks involving low-frequency data,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-11 Ben A. Marconi

Understanding a program's runtime reasoning behavior, meaning how intermediate states and control flows lead to final execution results, is essential for reliable code generation, debugging, and automated reasoning. Although large language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mohammad Abdollahi , Khandaker Rifah Tasnia , Soumit Kanti Saha , Jinqiu Yang , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Test-time compute has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving the performance of large language models (LLMs), where generating multiple outputs or refining individual chains can significantly boost answer accuracy. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sheng Liu , Tianlang Chen , Pan Lu , Haotian Ye , Yizheng Chen , Lei Xing , James Zou

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, with further gains achievable through increased computational budgets at inference. However, current test-time scaling methods predominantly rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jie Chen , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Zican Dong , Shijie Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Transformer LMs show emergent reasoning that resists mechanistic understanding. We offer a statistical physics framework for continuous-time chain-of-thought reasoning dynamics. We model sentence-level hidden state trajectories as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jack David Carson , Amir Reisizadeh

The ubiquity of dynamic data in domains such as weather, healthcare, and energy underscores a growing need for effective interpretation and retrieval of time-series data. These data are inherently tied to domain-specific contexts, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jialin Chen , Ziyu Zhao , Gaukhar Nurbek , Aosong Feng , Ali Maatouk , Leandros Tassiulas , Yifeng Gao , Rex Ying

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited the capacity of enhancing reasoning performance via internal test-time scaling. Building upon this, a promising direction is to further scale test-time compute to unlock even greater reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jian Wang , Boyan Zhu , Chak Tou Leong , Yongqi Li , Wenjie Li

The long-standing one-to-many problem of gold standard responses in open-domain dialogue systems presents challenges for automatic evaluation metrics. Though prior works have demonstrated some success by applying powerful Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kun Zhao , Bohao Yang , Chen Tang , Chenghua Lin , Liang Zhan

Time series forecasting is important in finance domain. Financial time series (TS) patterns are influenced by both short-term public opinions and medium-/long-term policy and market trends. Hence, processing multi-period inputs becomes…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-03 Xu Zhang , Zhengang Huang , Yunzhi Wu , Xun Lu , Erpeng Qi , Yunkai Chen , Zhongya Xue , Qitong Wang , Peng Wang , Wei Wang

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) are trained to in-fill positions in randomly masked sequences, in contrast to next-token prediction models. Discussions around MDLMs focus on two benefits: (1) any-order decoding and 2) multi-token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zachary Horvitz , Raghav Singhal , Hao Zou , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Zhou Yu , Rajesh Ranganath , Kathleen McKeown

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating coherent text, understanding context, and performing reasoning tasks. However, they struggle with temporal reasoning, which requires processing time-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adrián Bazaga , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Time series foundational models (TSFM) have gained prominence in time series forecasting, promising state-of-the-art performance across various applications. However, their application in anomaly detection and prediction remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Chathurangi Shyalika , Harleen Kaur Bagga , Ahan Bhatt , Renjith Prasad , Alaa Al Ghazo , Amit Sheth

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable emergent abilities across various tasks, yet fall short of complex reasoning and planning tasks. The tree-search-based reasoning methods address this by surpassing the capabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Zhenglin Wang , Jialong Wu , Yilong Lai , Congzhi Zhang , Deyu Zhou

Tabular foundation models are becoming increasingly popular for low-resource tabular problems. These models make up for small training datasets by pretraining on large volumes of synthetic data. The prior knowledge obtained via pretraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 George Yakushev , Alina Shutova , Ivan Rubachev , Natalia Bereberdina , Renat Sergazinov , Artem Babenko

Fine-grained sparsity promises higher parametric capacity without proportional per-token compute, but often suffers from training instability, load balancing, and communication overhead. We introduce STEM (Scaling Transformers with…

Large Language Models (LLMs) now exhibit remarkable reasoning capabilities through test-time compute scaling (TTS), with impressive performance across math and coding benchmarks. In parallel, research in model compression has developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ocean Monjur , Shahriar Kabir Nahin , Anshuman Chhabra

This paper introduces ThoughtProbe, a novel inference time framework that leverages the hidden reasoning features of Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve their reasoning performance. Unlike previous works that manipulate the hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zijian Wang , Chang Xu

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks have been widely used for time series forecasting problems. However, LSTMs are prone to overfitting and performance reduction during test phases. Several different regularization techniques have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Mahdy Shirdel , Reza Asadi , Duc Do , Micheal Hintlian

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) leverage extensive pretraining to accurately predict unseen time series during inference, without the need for task-specific fine-tuning. Through large-scale evaluations on standard benchmarks, we find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Anthony Bao , Venkata Hasith Vattikuti , Jeffrey Lai , William Gilpin