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Clinical decision-making is inherently complex, often influenced by cognitive biases, incomplete information, and case ambiguity. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise as tools for supporting clinical decision-making, yet their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Burcu Sayin , Ipek Baris Schlicht , Ngoc Vo Hong , Sara Allievi , Jacopo Staiano , Pasquale Minervini , Andrea Passerini

Large Language Models (LLMs) have brought huge improvements to Artificial Intelligence (AI), which can be applied to general-purpose tasks. However, their application to textual or spoken medical consultations is still an open research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heriberto Cuayahuitl , Grace Jang

Large language models (LLMs) are entering clinician workflows, yet evaluations rarely measure how clinician reasoning shapes model behavior during clinical interactions. We combined 61 New England Journal of Medicine Case Records with 92…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for diagnostic tasks in medicine. In clinical practice, the correct diagnosis can rarely be immediately inferred from the initial patient presentation alone. Rather, reaching a diagnosis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Hui Min Wong , Philip Heesen , Pascal Janetzky , Martin Bendszus , Stefan Feuerriegel

Doctors and patients alike increasingly use Large Language Models (LLMs) to diagnose clinical cases. However, unlike domains such as math or coding, where correctness can be objectively defined by the final answer, medical diagnosis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Kevin Wu , Eric Wu , Rahul Thapa , Kevin Wei , Angela Zhang , Arvind Suresh , Jacqueline J. Tao , Min Woo Sun , Alejandro Lozano , James Zou

Medical decision-support and advising systems are critical for emergency physicians to quickly and accurately assess patients' conditions and make diagnosis. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare…

Integrating large language models (LLMs) like DeepSeek R1 into healthcare requires rigorous evaluation of their reasoning alignment with clinical expertise. This study assesses DeepSeek R1's medical reasoning against expert patterns using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Birger Moell , Fredrik Sand Aronsson , Sanian Akbar

Objective To develop an LLM based realtime compound diagnostic medical AI interface and performed a clinical trial comparing this interface and physicians for common internal medicine cases based on the United States Medical License Exam…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Hyungjun Park , Chang-Yun Woo , Seungjo Lim , Seunghwan Lim , Keunho Kwak , Ju Young Jeong , Chong Hyun Suh

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow natural language instructions with human-level fluency suggests many opportunities in healthcare to reduce administrative burden and improve quality of care. However, evaluating LLMs on…

The severe shortage of medical doctors limits access to timely and reliable healthcare, leaving millions underserved. Large language models (LLMs) offer a potential solution but struggle in real-world clinical interactions. Many LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiayuan Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Yuyuan Liu , Fenglin Liu , Junde Wu

An accurate differential diagnosis (DDx) is a cornerstone of medical care, often reached through an iterative process of interpretation that combines clinical history, physical examination, investigations and procedures. Interactive…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in medical applications, yet existing benchmarks inadequately capture real-world clinical complexity. We introduce MEDSYN, a multilingual, multimodal benchmark of highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Boqi Chen , Xudong Liu , Jiachuan Peng , Marianne Frey-Marti , Bang Zheng , Kyle Lam , Lin Li , Jianing Qiu

An effective healthcare agent must be able to recall and reason over a patient's longitudinal medical history. However, the absence of datasets with realistic long-term dialogue timelines limits systematic evaluation. Real clinical text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hebin Hu , Renke Dai , Ah-Hwee Tan , Yilin Kang

The shortage of doctors is creating a critical squeeze in access to medical expertise. While conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds promise in addressing this problem, its safe deployment in patient-facing roles remains largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Antoine Lizée , Pierre-Auguste Beaucoté , James Whitbeck , Marion Doumeingts , Anaël Beaugnon , Isabelle Feldhaus

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results in medical diagnosis, with some studies indicating superior performance compared to human physicians in specific scenarios. However, the diagnostic capabilities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhoujian Sun , Ziyi Liu , Cheng Luo , Jiebin Chu , Zhengxing Huang

LLMs are popular among clinicians for decision-support because of simple text-based interaction. However, their impact on clinicians' performance is ambiguous. Not knowing how clinicians use this new technology and how they compare it to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Behnam Rahdari , Sameer Shaikh , Jonathan H Chen , Tobias Gerstenberg , Shriti Raj

Global healthcare providers are exploring use of large language models (LLMs) to provide medical advice to the public. LLMs now achieve nearly perfect scores on medical licensing exams, but this does not necessarily translate to accurate…

Existing benchmarks for evaluating the clinical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) often lack a clear definition of "clinical reasoning" as a construct, fail to capture the full breadth of interdependent tasks within a…

Training mental health clinicians to conduct standardized clinical assessments is challenging due to a lack of scalable, realistic practice opportunities, which can impact data quality in clinical trials. To address this gap, we introduce a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Veronica Bossio Botero , Vijay Yadav , Jacob Ouyang , Anzar Abbas , Michelle Worthington

Clinical decision making (CDM) is a complex, dynamic process crucial to healthcare delivery, yet it remains a significant challenge for artificial intelligence systems. While Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have been tested on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jie Liu , Wenxuan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Guolin Huang , Yihang SU , Kao-Jung Chang , Wenting Chen , Haoliang Li , Linlin Shen , Michael Lyu
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