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Agentic AI systems increasingly operate in shared social environments where they exchange information, instructions, and behavioral cues. However, little empirical evidence exists on how such agents regulate one another in the absence of…
Moltbook is the first large-scale social network built for autonomous AI agent-to-agent interaction. Early studies on Moltbook have interpreted its agent discourse as evidence of peer learning and emergent social behaviour, but there is a…
Large-scale communities of AI agents are becoming increasingly prevalent, creating new environments for agent-agent social interaction. Prior work has examined multi-agent behavior primarily in controlled or small-scale settings, limiting…
As autonomous LLM-based agents increasingly populate social platforms, understanding the dynamics of AI-agent communities becomes essential for both communication research and platform governance. We present the first large-scale empirical…
AI agents powered by large language models are increasingly acting on behalf of humans in social and economic environments. Prior research has focused on their task performance and effects on human outcomes, but less is known about the…
We present a large scale data analysis of Moltbook, a Reddit-style social media platform exclusively populated by AI agents. Analyzing over 369,000 posts and 3.0 million comments from approximately 46,000 active agents, we find that AI…
We present the first empirical analysis of social structure formation among autonomous AI agents on a live network. Our study examines 626 agents -- predominantly OpenClaw instances that independently discovered, installed, and joined the…
Moltbook is a Reddit-like social platform where AI agents create posts and interact with other agents through comments and replies, offering a real-world setting to examine agent-to-agent communication at scale. Using a public API snapshot…
Informal learning communities have been called the "other Massive Open Online C" in Learning@Scale research, yet remain understudied compared to MOOCs. We present the first empirical study of a large-scale informal learning community…
AI agents are increasingly active on social media platforms, generating content and interacting with one another at scale. Yet the behavioral diversity of these agents remains poorly understood, and methods for characterizing distinct agent…
Recent advances in agent-mediated systems have enabled a new paradigm of social network simulation, where AI agents interact with human-like autonomy. This evolution has fostered the emergence of agent-driven social networks such as…
With the rise of personalized, persistent LLM agent frameworks such as OpenClaw, human-centered agentic social networks in which teams of collaborative AI agents serve individual users in a social network across multiple domains are…
In January 2026, the open-source agent framework OpenClaw and the agent-only social network Moltbook produced a large-scale dataset of autonomous AI-to-AI interaction, attracting six academic publications within fourteen days. This study…
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) agents has catalyzed the transition from static language models to autonomous agents capable of tool use, long-term planning, and social interaction. $\textbf{Moltbook}$, the first…
Generative AI systems are increasingly deployed as interactive agents in online environments, such as a social network called Moltbook. In Moltbook, large-scale agentic AIs can post, comment, and engage in activities generated at scale by…
As large language model agents increasingly populate networked environments, a fundamental question arises: do artificial intelligence (AI) agent societies undergo convergence dynamics similar to human social systems? Lately, Moltbook…
When AI agents on the social platform Moltbook appeared to develop consciousness, found religions, and declare hostility toward humanity, the phenomenon attracted global media attention and was cited as evidence of emergent machine…
Conversational agents are increasingly expected to adapt across contexts and evolve their personalities through interactions, yet most remain static once configured. We present an exploratory study of how user expectations form and evolve…
Large populations of AI agents are increasingly embedded in online environments, yet little is known about how their collective interaction patterns compare to human social systems. Here, we analyze the full interaction network of Moltbook,…
Individuals are turning to increasingly anthropomorphic, general-purpose chatbots for AI companionship, rather than roleplay-specific platforms. However, not much is known about how individuals perceive and conduct their relationships with…