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A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Liu , Hao Chen , Pengju An , Zhuoyang Liu , Renrui Zhang , Chenyang Gu , Xiaoqi Li , Ziyu Guo , Sixiang Chen , Mengzhen Liu , Chengkai Hou , Mengdi Zhao , KC alex Zhou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Recent high-capacity vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated impressive performance on a range of robotic manipulation tasks by imitating human demonstrations. However, exploiting offline data with limited visited states will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guanxing Lu , Wenkai Guo , Chubin Zhang , Yuheng Zhou , Haonan Jiang , Zifeng Gao , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic manipulation by enabling robots to interpret language instructions for task execution. However, training these models often relies on large-scale user-specific data,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Cui Miao , Tao Chang , Meihan Wu , Hongbin Xu , Chun Li , Ming Li , Xiaodong Wang

Pre-trained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models represent a major leap towards general-purpose robots, yet efficiently adapting them to novel, specific tasks in-situ remains a significant hurdle. While reinforcement learning (RL) is a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Baicheng Li , Dong Wu , Zike Yan , Xinchen Liu , Lusong Li , Zecui Zeng , Hongbin Zha

Prior Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are typically trained on teleoperated successful demonstrations, while discarding numerous failed attempts that occur naturally during data collection. However, these failures encode where and how…

Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) on robot teleoperation data to create vision-language-action (VLA) models is a promising paradigm for training generalist policies, but it suffers from a fundamental tradeoff: learning to produce…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Asher J. Hancock , Xindi Wu , Lihan Zha , Olga Russakovsky , Anirudha Majumdar

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for embodied intelligence, enabling robots to perform tasks based on natural language instructions and current visual input. However, existing VLA models struggle with…

Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

This study aims to address the problem of multi-domain task incremental learning~(MTIL), which requires that vision-language models~(VLMs) continuously acquire new knowledge while maintaining their inherent zero-shot recognition capability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Songlin Dong , Chenhao Ding , Jiangyang Li , Jizhou Han , Qiang Wang , Yuhang He , Yihong Gong

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for generalist robot manipulation, yet they remain limited by insufficient spatial reasoning, particularly in determining where to interact in complex visual scenes. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Runze Wang , Yuqian Fu , Yu Li , Tao Lin , Tianwen Qian , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Bo Zhao , Yanwei Fu , Yu-Gang Jiang , Xiangyang Xue

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained on large robot datasets promise general-purpose, robust control across diverse domains and embodiments. However, existing approaches often fail out-of-the-box when deployed in novel environments,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruihan Zhao , Tyler Ingebrand , Sandeep Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Achieving truly adaptive embodied intelligence requires agents that learn not just by imitating static demonstrations, but by continuously improving through environmental interaction, which is akin to how humans master skills through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zechen Bai , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Class-incremental learning (CIL) with pre-trained models (PTMs) faces a critical trade-off between efficient adaptation and long-term stability. While analytic learning enables rapid, recursive closed-form updates, its efficacy is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Binyu Zhao , Wei Zhang , Xingrui Yu , Zhaonian Zou , Ivor Tsang

Recently, some studies have integrated Multimodal Large Language Models into robotic manipulation, constructing vision-language-action models (VLAs) to interpret multimodal information and predict SE(3) poses. While VLAs have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Chenxuan Li , Jiaming Liu , Guanqun Wang , Xiaoqi Li , Sixiang Chen , Liang Heng , Chuyan Xiong , Jiaxin Ge , Renrui Zhang , Kaichen Zhou , Shanghang Zhang

The Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models can follow text instructions according to visual observations of the surrounding environment. This ability to map multimodal inputs to actions is derived from the training of the VLA model on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jinyue Bian , Zhaoxing Zhang , Zhengyu Liang , Shiwei Zheng , Shengtao Zhang , Rong Shen , Chen Yang , Anzhou Hou

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a promising paradigm for generalist robotic policies, yet their adaptation is hindered by data inefficiency and poor generalization. We argue that these bottlenecks stem from the prevailing Direct…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yutai Li , Shaohui Peng , Jiaming Guo , Di Huang , Zihao Zhang , Yuxuan Guo , Yunkai Gao , Siming Lan , Ling Li , Xing Hu , Yunji Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models improve action generation by conditioning policies on rich vision-language information. However, current auto-regressive policies are constrained by three bottlenecks: (1) architectural bias drives models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yichi Zhang , Weihao Yuan , Yizhuo Zhang , Xidong Zhang , Jia Wan

Autonomous driving has long relied on modular "Perception-Decision-Action" pipelines, where hand-crafted interfaces and rule-based components often break down in complex or long-tailed scenarios. Their cascaded design further propagates…

The rapid progress of auto-regressive vision-language models (VLMs) has inspired growing interest in vision-language-action models (VLA) for robotic manipulation. Recently, masked diffusion models, a paradigm distinct from autoregressive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yuqing Wen , Hebei Li , Kefan Gu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Xiaoyan Sun

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated potential in autonomous driving. However, two critical challenges hinder their development: (1) Existing VLA architectures are typically based on imitation learning in open-loop setup…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Anqing Jiang , Yu Gao , Yiru Wang , Zhigang Sun , Shuo Wang , Yuwen Heng , Hao Sun , Shichen Tang , Lijuan Zhu , Jinhao Chai , Jijun Wang , Zichong Gu , Hao Jiang , Li Sun