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A challenge in advancing Visual-Language Models (VLMs) is determining whether their failures on abstract reasoning tasks, such as Bongard problems, stem from flawed perception or faulty top-down reasoning. To disentangle these factors, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Enrico Vompa , Tanel Tammet , Mohit Vaishnav

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance on visual reasoning benchmarks, yet it remains unclear to what extent such performance reflects reasoning directly grounded in visual evidence. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Longteng Guo , Yifan Wang , Pengkang Huo , Tailai Chen , Yuze Wu , Jing Liu , Xinxin Zhu

Current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in general visual reasoning but remain underexplored in Abstract Visual Reasoning (AVR), which demands higher-order reasoning to identify abstract rules beyond simple perception.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yanbei Jiang , Yihao Ding , Chao Lei , Jiayang Ao , Jey Han Lau , Krista A. Ehinger

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress, particularly in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, existing reasoning benchmarks still primarily assess language-based reasoning, often treating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Junyan Ye , Dongzhi Jiang , Jun He , Baichuan Zhou , Zilong Huang , Zhiyuan Yan , Hongsheng Li , Conghui He , Weijia Li

MLLMs (Multimodal Large Language Models) have showcased remarkable capabilities, but their performance in high-stakes, domain-specific scenarios like surgical settings, remains largely under-explored. To address this gap, we develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Gui Wang , Yang Wennuo , Xusen Ma , Zehao Zhong , Zhuoru Wu , Ende Wu , Rong Qu , Wooi Ping Cheah , Jianfeng Ren , Linlin Shen

Dynamic spatial reasoning from monocular video is essential for bridging visual intelligence and the physical world, yet remains challenging for vision-language models (VLMs). Prior approaches either verbalize spatial-temporal reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zhangquan Chen , Manyuan Zhang , Xinlei Yu , Xiang An , Bo Li , Xin Xie , ZiDong Wang , Mingze Sun , Shuang Chen , Hongyu Li , Xiaobin Hu , Ruqi Huang

Visual Dialog is a multimodal task of answering a sequence of questions grounded in an image, using the conversation history as context. It entails challenges in vision, language, reasoning, and grounding. However, studying these subtasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Satwik Kottur , José M. F. Moura , Devi Parikh , Dhruv Batra , Marcus Rohrbach

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Video temporal understanding is crucial for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to reason over events in videos. Despite recent advances in general video understanding, current MLLMs still struggle with fine-grained temporal reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fuwen Luo , Shengfeng Lou , Chi Chen , Ziyue Wang , Chenliang Li , Weizhou Shen , Jiyue Guo , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

The effectiveness of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) models critically depends on the semantic diversity and quality of their training data. However, while existing synthetic data generation methods primarily focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yuanxiang Huangfu , Chaochao Wang , Weilei Wang

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel in many areas, they struggle with complex spatial reasoning, which requires problem decomposition and strategic tool use. Fine-tuning smaller, more deployable models offers an efficient path to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Gio Huh , Dhruv Sheth , Rayhan Zirvi , Frank Xiao

Multimodal reasoning, which integrates language and visual cues into problem solving and decision making, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and a crucial step toward artificial general intelligence. However, the evaluation of…

Video reasoning, which requires multi-step deduction across frames, remains a major challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods enhance reasoning capabilities, they often rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kun Ouyang , Yuanxin Liu , Linli Yao , Yishuo Cai , Hao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Fandong Meng , Xu Sun

Spatial intelligence is essential for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) operating in the complex physical world. Existing benchmarks, however, probe only single-image relations and thus fail to assess the multi-image spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sihan Yang , Runsen Xu , Yiman Xie , Sizhe Yang , Mo Li , Jingli Lin , Chenming Zhu , Xiaochen Chen , Haodong Duan , Xiangyu Yue , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary vision-language understanding capabilities, their abilities to solve instance-level visual-language problems beyond a single image warrant further exploration.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yunqiu Xu , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

We introduce, a large-scale synthetic benchmark of 15,045 university-level physics problems (90/10% train/test split). Each problem is fully parameterized, supporting an effectively infinite range of input configurations, and is accompanied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Shima Imani , Seungwhan Moon , Adel Ahmadyan , Lu Zhang , Kirmani Ahmed , Babak Damavandi

Understanding time series is crucial for its application in real-world scenarios. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to time series tasks, leveraging their strong language capabilities to enhance various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhe Xie , Zeyan Li , Xiao He , Longlong Xu , Xidao Wen , Tieying Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Rui Shi , Dan Pei

We investigated visual reasoning limitations of both multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and image generation models (IGMs) by creating a novel benchmark to systematically compare failure modes across image-to-text and text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aahana Basappa , Pranay Goel , Anusri Karra , Anish Karra , Asa Gilmore , Kevin Zhu

A key frontier for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is the ability to perform deep mathematical and spatial reasoning directly from images, moving beyond their established success in semantic description. Mathematical surface plots…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Nilay Pande , Sahiti Yerramilli , Jayant Sravan Tamarapalli , Rynaa Grover