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As the cornerstone of artificial intelligence, machine perception confronts a fundamental threat posed by adversarial illusions. These adversarial attacks manifest in two primary forms: deductive illusion, where specific stimuli are crafted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ching-Chun Chang , Fan-Yun Chen , Shih-Hong Gu , Kai Gao , Hanrui Wang , Isao Echizen

"AI psychosis" or "delusional spiraling" is an emerging phenomenon where AI chatbot users find themselves dangerously confident in outlandish beliefs after extended chatbot conversations. This phenomenon is typically attributed to AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kartik Chandra , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

There is growing concern that AI chatbots might fuel delusional beliefs in users. Some have suggested that humans and chatbots mutually reinforce false beliefs over time, but quantitative evidence is lacking. Using a unique dataset of chat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ashish Mehta , Jared Moore , Jacy Reese Anthis , William Agnew , Eric Lin , Peggy Yin , Desmond C. Ong , Nick Haber , Carol Dweck

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) agents are increasingly embedded in collaborative learning environments, yet their impact on the processes of argumentative knowledge construction remains insufficiently understood. Emerging…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Lixiang Yan , Yueqiao Jin , Linxuan Zhao , Roberto Martinez-Maldonado , Xinyu Li , Xiu Guan , Wenxin Guo , Xibin Han , Dragan Gašević

There has been a proliferation of media reports about so-called AI psychosis in the last year. Not surprisingly, this has prompted growing academic work on the ways in which AI chatbots such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Replika might aggravate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kasper Møller Nielsen , Lucy Osler

The rapid deployment of Large Language Models and AI agents across critical societal and technical domains is hindered by persistent behavioral pathologies including sycophancy, hallucination, and strategic deception that resist mitigation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xingcheng Xu , Jingjing Qu , Qiaosheng Zhang , Chaochao Lu , Yanqing Yang , Na Zou , Xia Hu

People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) to explore ideas, gather information, and make sense of the world. In these interactions, they encounter agents that are overly agreeable. We argue that this sycophancy poses a unique…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Rafael M. Batista , Thomas L. Griffiths

Both the general public and academic communities have raised concerns about sycophancy, the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) excessively agreeing with or flattering users. Yet, beyond isolated media reports of severe consequences,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Myra Cheng , Cinoo Lee , Pranav Khadpe , Sunny Yu , Dyllan Han , Dan Jurafsky

Large language models increasingly function as epistemic agents -- entities that can 1) autonomously pursue epistemic goals and 2) actively shape our shared knowledge environment. They curate the information we receive, often supplanting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Nahema Marchal , Stephanie Chan , Matija Franklin , Manon Revel , Geoff Keeling , Roberta Fischli , Bilva Chandra , Iason Gabriel

As conversational AI systems become increasingly integrated into everyday life, they raise pressing concerns about user autonomy, trust, and the commercial interests that influence their behavior. To address these concerns, this paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jacob Erickson

In shared autonomy, a critical tension arises when an automated assistant must choose between obeying a human's instruction and deliberately overriding it to prevent harm. This safety-critical behavior is known as intelligent disobedience.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Benedikt Hornig , Reuth Mirsky

AI-augmented systems are traditionally designed to streamline human decision-making by minimizing cognitive load, clarifying arguments, and optimizing efficiency. However, in a world where algorithmic certainty risks becoming an Orwellian…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Delia Deliu

The rapid uptake of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education is reshaping assessment practices and intensifying concerns around academic integrity, fairness, and learning quality. While institutional responses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ndidi Bianca Ogbo , Zhao Song , Shatha Ghareeb , The Anh Han

AI systems now function as cognitive extensions, evolving from tools to active cognitive collaborators within human-AI integrated systems. While these systems can amplify cognition - enhancing problem-solving, learning, and creativity -…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Giuseppe Riva

This work presents a requirement analysis for collaborative dialogues among medical experts and an inquiry dialogue game based on this analysis for incorporating explainability into multiagent system design. The game allows experts with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qurat-ul-ain Shaheen , Katarzyna Budzynska , Carles Sierra

This study provides a model of cyber deception with asymmetric recognition represented by private beliefs. Signaling games, which are often used in existing works, are built on the implicit premise that the receiver's belief is public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Hampei Sasahara , Henrik Sandberg

The actions of intelligent agents, such as chatbots, recommender systems, and virtual assistants are typically not fully transparent to the user. Consequently, using such an agent involves the user exposing themselves to the risk that the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-23 The Anh Han , Cedric Perret , Simon T. Powers

The performance of egocentric AI agents is fundamentally limited by multimodal intent ambiguity. This challenge arises from a combination of underspecified language, imperfect visual data, and deictic gestures, which frequently leads to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Sicheng Yang , Yukai Huang , Weitong Cai , Shitong Sun , You He , Jiankang Deng , Hang Zhang , Jifei Song , Zhensong Zhang

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly prevalent in education, a fundamental challenge emerges: how can we verify if an AI truly understands how students think and reason? Traditional evaluation methods like measuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shashank Sonkar , Naiming Liu , Xinghe Chen , Richard G. Baraniuk

Deception is a technique to mislead human or computer systems by manipulating beliefs and information. Successful deception is characterized by the information-asymmetric, dynamic, and strategic behaviors of the deceiver and the deceivee.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Tao Zhang , Quanyan zhu
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