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LLM agents rely on prompts to implement task-specific capabilities based on foundation LLMs, making agent prompts valuable intellectual property. However, in untrusted deployments, adversaries can copy and reuse these prompts with other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qinfeng Li , Yuntai Bao , Jianghui Hu , Wenqi Zhang , Jintao Chen , Huifeng Zhu , Yier Jin , Xuhong Zhang

Modern software development pipelines face growing challenges in securing large codebases with extensive dependencies. Static analysis tools like Bandit are effective at vulnerability detection but suffer from high false positives and lack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jugal Gajjar , Kamalasankari Subramaniakuppusamy , Relsy Puthal , Kaustik Ranaware

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved from simple chatbots into autonomous agents capable of performing complex tasks such as editing production code, orchestrating workflows, and taking higher-stakes actions based on untrusted inputs…

The application of large language models to code generation has evolved from one-shot generation to iterative refinement, yet the evolution of security throughout iteration remains insufficiently understood. Through comparative experiments…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yi Chen , Yun Bian , Haiquan Wang , Shihao Li , Zhe Cui

Ensuring the safety and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for generating responses that are beneficial to humanity. While LLMs have the capability to identify and avoid harmful queries, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yihua Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi

Optimization-based adversarial suffixes can jailbreak aligned large language models (LLMs) while remaining fluent, weakening static and windowed perplexity-based detectors. We cast adversarial suffix detection as an online change-point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mohammed Alshaalan , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

Due to insufficient domain knowledge, LLM coding assistants often reference related solutions from the Internet to address programming problems. However, incorporating external information into LLMs' code generation process introduces new…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Binqi Zeng , Quan Zhang , Chijin Zhou , Gwihwan Go , Yu Jiang , Heyuan Shi

This paper presents insights from evaluating 16 frontier large language models (LLMs) on the WebApp1K benchmark, a test suite designed to assess the ability of LLMs to generate web application code. The results reveal that while all models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yi Cui

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that add malicious tokens to an input prompt to bypass the safety guardrails of an LLM and cause it to produce harmful content. In this work, we introduce erase-and-check,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Aounon Kumar , Chirag Agarwal , Suraj Srinivas , Aaron Jiaxun Li , Soheil Feizi , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Large language models (LLMs) have seen widespread success in code generation tasks for different scenarios, both everyday and professional. However current LLMs, despite producing functional code, do not prioritize security and may generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Rebecca Saul , Hao Wang , Koushik Sen , David Wagner

LLM generated code often contains security issues. We address two key challenges in improving secure code generation. First, obtaining high quality training data covering a broad set of security issues is critical. To address this, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Mohammad Saqib Hasan , Saikat Chakraborty , Santu Karmaker , Niranjan Balasubramanian

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation can replicate insecure patterns from their training data. To mitigate this, a common strategy for security hardening is to fine-tune models using supervision derived from the final…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Li Huang , Zhongxin Liu , Yifan Wu , Tao Yin , Dong Li , Jichao Bi , Nankun Mu , Hongyu Zhang , Meng Yan

Recent advancements in AI safety have led to increased efforts in training and red-teaming large language models (LLMs) to mitigate unsafe content generation. However, these safety mechanisms may not be comprehensive, leaving potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Emet Bethany , Mazal Bethany , Juan Arturo Nolazco Flores , Sumit Kumar Jha , Peyman Najafirad

Structured extraction with LLMs fails in production not because models lack understanding, but because output formatting is unreliable across models and prompts. A prompt that returns clean JSON on GPT-4 may produce fenced, prose-wrapped,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Varun Kotte

Prompts have significantly improved the performance of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) on various downstream tasks recently, making them increasingly indispensable for a diverse range of LLM application scenarios. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Hongwei Yao , Jian Lou , Zhan Qin

Modern language models (LMs) have gained widespread acceptance in everyday and professional contexts, particularly in programming. An essential procedure enabling this adoption is instruction tuning, which substantially enhances LMs'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jingxuan He , Mark Vero , Gabriela Krasnopolska , Martin Vechev

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed in safety-critical settings, it is essential to ensure that their responses comply with safety standards. Prior research has revealed that LLMs often fail to grasp the notion of safe behaviors,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Kartik Sharma , Yiqiao Jin , Vineeth Rakesh , Yingtong Dou , Menghai Pan , Mahashweta Das , Srijan Kumar

The significant increase in software production, driven by the acceleration of development cycles over the past two decades, has led to a steady rise in software vulnerabilities, as shown by statistics published yearly by the CVE program.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Dyna Soumhane Ouchebara , Stéphane Dupont

Open Source Software (OSS) has become a very important and crucial infrastructure worldwide because of the value it provides. OSS typically depends on contributions from developers across diverse backgrounds and levels of experience. Making…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Elijah Kayode Adejumo , Brittany Johnson

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation, where the natural language prompt plays a crucial role in conveying user intent to the model. However, prior studies have shown that LLMs are highly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shuhan Liu , Xing Hu , Kerui Huang , Xiaohu Yang , David Lo , Xin Xia
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