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The recent years have seen interest into the possibility for (classical as well as quantum) causal structures that, while remaining logically consistent, feature a cyclic causal order between events, opening intriguing possibilities for new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Ilyass Mejdoub , Augustin Vanrietvelde

In higher-order quantum computing (HOQC), one typically considers the universal transformation of unknown quantum operations, treated as blackboxes. It is also implicitly assumed that the resulting operation must act on arbitrary, and thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Vanessa Brzić , Satoshi Yoshida , Mio Murao , Marco Túlio Quintino

It has been shown that it is theoretically possible for there to exist higher-order quantum processes in which the operations performed by separate parties cannot be ascribed a definite causal order. Some of these processes are believed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Ognyan Oreshkov

Over the past decade, a number of quantum processes have been proposed which are logically consistent, yet feature a cyclic causal structure. However, there is no general formal method to construct a process with an exotic causal structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Augustin Vanrietvelde , Nick Ormrod , Hlér Kristjánsson , Jonathan Barrett

We construct higher-order curvature invariants in causal set quantum gravity. The motivation for this work is twofold: first, to characterize causal sets, discrete operators that encode geometric information on the emergent spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-01 Gustavo. P. de Brito , Astrid Eichhorn , Christopher Pfeiffer

Classical correlations without predefined causal order arise from processes where parties manipulate random variables, and where the order of these interactions is not predefined. No assumption on the causal order of the parties is made,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-18 Ämin Baumeler , Stefan Wolf

The quantum switch, the canonical example of a process with indefinite causal order, has been claimed to provide various advantages over processes with definite causal orders for some particular tasks in the field of quantum metrology. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Raphaël Mothe , Cyril Branciard , Alastair A. Abbott

Operations performing on quantum batteries are extended to scenarios where we no longer force the existence of definite causal order of occurrence between distinct processes. In contrast to standard theories, the so called indefinite causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-27 Yuanbo Chen , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Reliable verification techniques for quantum communication protocols are of paramount importance, given their high implementation cost and critical contexts of application. Extensions of process calculi have been proposed, together with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lorenzo Ceragioli , Fabio Gadducci , Giuseppe Lomurno , Gabriele Tedeschi

Parameterization extends higher-order processes with the capability of abstraction and application (like those in lambda-calculus). This extension is strict, i.e., higher-order processes equipped with parameterization is computationally…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Xian Xu

Existing abstract models of quantum computation make reference to circuit elements, much in contrast to their classical counterparts. Circuits, as a model of computation, substantially limit algorithmic expression and obscure high-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Santiago Núñez-Corrales

We use techniques of quantum information theory to analyze the quantum causal histories approach to quantum gravity. We show that while it is consistent to introduce closed timelike curves (CTCs), they cannot generically carry independent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Etera R. Livine , Daniel R. Terno

Loop quantum cosmology(LQC) is the symmetric model of loop quantum gravity. In this paper, we generalize the structure of loop quantum cosmology to the theories with arbitrary spacetime dimensions. The isotropic and homogenous cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-13 Xiangdong Zhang

The class of problems in causal inference which seeks to isolate causal correlations solely from observational data even without interventions has come to the forefront of machine learning, neuroscience and social sciences. As new large…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-01-02 Mohammad Ali Javidian , Vaneet Aggarwal , Fanglin Bao , Zubin Jacob

We address a wide spectrum of quantum control strategies, including various open-loop protocols and advanced adaptive methods. These methodologies apply to few-qubit scenarios and naturally scale to larger N-qubit systems. We benchmark them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Atta ur Rahman , M. Y. Abd-Rabbou , Cong-feng Qiao

While closed timelike curves (CTCs) are not known to exist, studying their consequences has led to nontrivial insights in general relativity, quantum information, and other areas. In this paper we show that if CTCs existed, then quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Scott Aaronson , John Watrous

Existing work on quantum causal structure assumes that one can perform arbitrary operations on the systems of interest. But this condition is often not met. Here, we extend the framework for quantum causal modelling to situations where a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Nick Ormrod , Augustin Vanrietvelde , Jonathan Barrett

qPCF is a paradigmatic quantum programming language that ex- tends PCF with quantum circuits and a quantum co-processor. Quantum circuits are treated as classical data that can be duplicated and manipulated in flexible ways by means of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Luca Paolini , Mauro Piccolo , Margherita Zorzi

Quantum theory is consistent with a computational model permitting black-box operations to be applied in an indefinite causal order, going beyond the standard circuit model of computation. The quantum switch -- the simplest such example --…

Quantum theory allows for the superposition of causal orders between operations, i.e., for an indefinite causal order; an implication of the principle of quantum superposition. Since a higher theory might also admit this feature, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-08 Kuntal Sengupta