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The first law of black hole thermodynamics can be read off from the field equations at the horizon. Until now, for black holes with multiple horizons the field equations only at the outer horizon were employed with a particular constraint.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-21 Yongjoon Kwon , Soonkeon Nam

In this paper we show that the gravitational field equations of $(n+1)$% -dimensional topological black holes with constant horizon curvature, in cubic and quartic quasi-topological gravity, can be recast in the form of the first law of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-19 A. Sheykhi , M. H. Dehghani , R. Dehghani

By regarding the Einstein equations as equation(s) of state, we demonstrate that a full cohomogeneity horizon first law can be derived in horizon thermodynamics. In this approach both the entropy and the free energy are derived concepts,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-28 Devin Hansen , David Kubiznak , Robert Mann

The thermodynamic inconsistency observed in regular black holes is resolved through the framework of reduced thermodynamic phase spaces. We demonstrate that regular black holes are essentially induced from singular black holes by adding an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-15 Meng-Sen Ma , Huai-Fan Li , Jian-Hua Shi

We study P-V criticality of black holes in Lovelock gravities in the context of horizon thermodynamics. The corresponding first law of horizon thermodynamics emerges as one of the Einstein-Lovelock equations and assumes the universal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-01 Devin Hansen , David Kubiznak , Robert B. Mann

It was recently observed in arXiv:2304.07320 for thermal Kerr-Newman black holes in 4d flat space that one can rewrite the conventional thermodynamics on the inner and outer horizons in terms of left- and right-moving variables with a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-20 Kiril Hristov

In this work, we establish the corrected first law of thermodynamics for dynamical regular black holes on both the event horizon and apparent horizon. We find that the temperature of dynamical regular black holes derived from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-29 Tianxu Huo , Chengzhou Liu

As in thermodynamics, the celebrated first law of black hole mechanics relates infinitesimal changes in the properties of nearby equilibrium states of black holes (without reference to any physical process that causes the transition). Using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Abhay Ashtekar , Daniel E. Paraizo , Jonathan Shu

Using the solution phase space method, we investigate the thermodynamics of black holes in Einstein-aether-Maxwell theory, for which the traditional Wald method (covariant phase space method) fails. We show the first laws of thermodynamics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-25 Hai-Feng Ding , Xiang-Hua Zhai

It is expected that the cosmological black holes are the closest realistic solutions of gravitational theories and they evolve with time. Moreover, the natural way of defining thermodynamic entities for the stationary ones is not applicable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-20 Krishnakanta Bhattacharya , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi

We explore the relationship between the first law of thermodynamics and gravitational field equation at a static, spherically symmetric black hole horizon in Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshtiz theory with/without detailed balance. It turns out that as in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-05-07 Rong-Gen Cai , Nobuyoshi Ohta

We extend an earlier investigation of the thermodynamics of static black holes in an Einstein-Horndeski theory of gravity coupled to a scalar field, by including now an elec- tromagnetic field as well. By studying the two-parameter families…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 Xing-Hui Feng , Hai-Shan Liu , H. Lü , C. N. Pope

Recently it has shown that Einstein's field equations can be rewritten into a form of the first law of thermodynamics both at event horizon of static spherically symmetric black holes and apparent horizon of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-10-27 M. Akbar , Rong-Gen Cai

Einstein gravities in general dimensions coupled to a cosmological constant and extended with quadratic curvature invariants admit a variety of black holes that may asymptote to Minkowski, anti-de Sitter or Lifshitz spacetimes. We adopt the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-11 Zhong-Ying Fan , H. Lu

The early literature on black hole thermodynamics ignored the $P$-$V$ term associated with the existence of a fundamental physical constant in the black hole solution. The inclusion of this constant in the first law becomes inconsistent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-22 Mustapha Azreg-Aïnou

We derive the so-called first law of black hole mechanics for variations about stationary black hole solutions to the Einstein--Maxwell equations in the absence of sources. That is, we prove that $\delta M=\kappa\delta A+\omega\delta J+VdQ$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Rafael D. Sorkin , Madhavan Varadarajan

We argue that the equations of motion of quantum field theories in curved backgrounds encode new fundamental black hole thermodynamic relations. We define new entropy variation relations. These `emerge' through the monodromies that capture…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-28 Alex Chanson , Jacob Ciafre , Maria J. Rodriguez

We derive the first law of black hole mechanics for physical theories based on a local, covariant and gauge-invariant Lagrangian where the dynamical fields transform non-trivially under the action of internal gauge transformations. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-12 Kartik Prabhu

To explain black hole thermodynamics in quantum gravity, one must introduce constraints to ensure that a black hole is actually present. I show that for a large class of black holes, such ``horizon constraints'' allow the use of conformal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

We investigate thermodynamics of a non-interacting quantum field in a static black hole background. The horizon divergences are regulated by the brick wall method, which consists of subjecting the quantum field to Dirichlet boundary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-22 Emine Ertugrul , Levent Akant , Birses Debir
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