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Recent studies have successfully integrated large vision-language models (VLMs) into low-level robotic control by supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with expert robotic datasets, resulting in what we term vision-language-action (VLA) models.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yanjiang Guo , Jianke Zhang , Xiaoyu Chen , Xiang Ji , Yen-Jen Wang , Yucheng Hu , Jianyu Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models built upon Chain-of-Thought (CoT) have achieved remarkable success in advancing general-purpose robotic agents, owing to its significant perceptual comprehension. Recently, since text-only CoT struggles…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xiangkai Ma , Lekai Xing , Han Zhang , Wenzhong Li , Sanglu Lu

The performance of robotic imitation learning is fundamentally limited by data quality and training strategies. Prevalent sampling strategies on RLBench suffer from severe keyframe redundancy and imbalanced temporal distribution, leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Fanqi Pu , Lei Jiang , Wenming Yang

Most existing vision-language-action (VLA) models for robotic manipulation lack progress awareness, typically relying on hand-crafted heuristics for task termination. This limitation is particularly severe in long-horizon tasks involving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hongyu Yan , Qiwei Li , Jiaolong Yang , Yadong Mu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown strong generalization, with some approaches seeking to explicitly generate linguistic reasoning traces or predict future observations prior to execution. However, explicit reasoning…

While vision-language models have advanced significantly, their application in language-conditioned robotic manipulation is still underexplored, especially for contact-rich tasks that extend beyond visually dominant pick-and-place…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Chaofan Zhang , Peng Hao , Xiaoge Cao , Xiaoshuai Hao , Shaowei Cui , Shuo Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models achieve remarkable flexibility and generalization beyond classical control paradigms. However, most prevailing VLAs are trained under a single-frame observation paradigm, which leaves them structurally…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yanyan Zhang , Chaoda Song , Vikash Singh , Xinpeng Li , Kai Ye , Zhe Hu , Zhongzhu Pu , Yu Yin , Vipin Chaudhary

Autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA) models have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in robotic manipulation. However, their core process of action tokenization often involves a trade-off between reconstruction fidelity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yicheng Liu , Shiduo Zhang , Zibin Dong , Baijun Ye , Tianyuan Yuan , Xiaopeng Yu , Linqi Yin , Chenhao Lu , Junhao Shi , Luca Jiang-Tao Yu , Liangtao Zheng , Tao Jiang , Jingjing Gong , Xipeng Qiu , Hang Zhao

Contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) has demonstrated remarkable success in various image tasks. However, how to extend CLIP with effective temporal modeling is still an open and crucial problem. Existing factorized or joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Shuyuan Tu , Qi Dai , Zuxuan Wu , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Han Hu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have attracted increasing attention for their strong control capabilities. However, their high computational cost and low execution frequency hinder their suitability for real-time tasks such as robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ye Li , Yuan Meng , Zewen Sun , Kangye Ji , Chen Tang , Jiajun Fan , Xinzhu Ma , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are emerging as a unified substrate for embodied intelligence. This shift raises a new class of safety challenges, stemming from the embodied nature of VLA systems, including irreversible physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Qi Li , Bo Yin , Weiqi Huang , Ruhao Liu , Bojun Zou , Runpeng Yu , Jingwen Ye , Weihao Yu , Xinchao Wang

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models equipped with Flow Matching (FM) action heads achieve state-of-the-art performance in complex robot manipulation. However, the multi-step iterative ODE solving required by FM introduces inference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhou Fang , Jiaqi Wang , Yi Zhou , Qiongfeng Shi

Tactile feedback is generally recognized to be crucial for effective interaction with the physical world. However, state-of-the-art Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models lack the ability to interpret and use tactile signals, limiting their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jianxin Bi , Kevin Yuchen Ma , Ce Hao , Mike Zheng Shou , Harold Soh

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path toward embodied intelligence, yet they often overlook the predictive and temporal-causal structure underlying visual dynamics. World-model VLAs address this by predicting future…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fuxiang Yang , Donglin Di , Lulu Tang , Xuancheng Zhang , Lei Fan , Hao Li , Chen Wei , Tonghua Su , Baorui Ma

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable robots to perform manipulation tasks directly from natural language instructions and are increasingly viewed as a foundation for generalist robotic policies. However, their reliability under…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ninghao Zhang , Bin Zhu , Shijie Zhou , Jingjing Chen

Recent advancements in Large Language Models have successfully transitioned towards System 2 reasoning, yet applying these paradigms to video understanding remains challenging. While prevailing research attributes failures in Video-LLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hongbo Jin , Jiayu Ding , Siyi Xie , Guibo Luo , Ge Li

Recent advances in FlowMatching-based Vision-Language-Action (VLA) frameworks have demonstrated remarkable advantages in generating high-frequency action chunks, particularly for highly dexterous robotic manipulation tasks. Despite these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yang Chen , Xiaoguang Ma , Bin Zhao

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown strong semantic grounding and task generalization in manipulation, but aerial deployment remains difficult because drones require low-latency closed-loop guidance under strict onboard compute…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Justin williams , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George , Mrinmoy Sarkar

Autoregressive sequence models, such as Transformer-based vision-language action (VLA) policies, can be tremendously effective for capturing complex and generalizable robotic behaviors. However, such models require us to choose a…

Current vision-language-action (VLA) models, pre-trained on large-scale robotic data, exhibit strong multi-task capabilities and generalize well to variations in visual and language instructions for manipulation. However, their success rate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Han Zhao , Jiaxuan Zhang , Wenxuan Song , Pengxiang Ding , Donglin Wang