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Inference efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by their serial, autoregressive generation, especially as reasoning becomes a key capability and response sequences grow longer. Speculative decoding (SD) offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Haoyun Jiang , Junqi He , Feng Hong , Xinlong Yang , Jianwei Zhang , Zheng Li , Zhengyang Zhuge , Zhiyong Chen , Bo Han , Junyang Lin , Jiangchao Yao

The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

Speculative decoding is a powerful technique for reducing the latency of Large Language Models (LLMs), offering a fault-tolerant framework that enables the use of highly compressed draft models. In this work, we introduce Self-Distilled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mike Lasby , Nish Sinnadurai , Valavan Manohararajah , Sean Lie , Yani Ioannou , Vithursan Thangarasa

Modern Large Language Models achieve impressive reasoning capabilities with long Chain of Thoughts, but they incur substantial computational cost during inference, and this motivates techniques to improve the performance-cost ratio. Among…

Data centers capable of running large language models (LLMs) are spread across the globe. Some have high end GPUs for running the most advanced models (100B+ parameters), and others are only suitable for smaller models (1B parameters). The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Noah Martin , Fahad Dogar

Deep Learning (DL), especially with Large Language Models (LLMs), brings benefits to various areas. However, DL training systems usually yield prominent idling GPU resources due to many factors, such as resource allocation and collective…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Cunchi Lv , Xiao Shi , Dong Liang , Wenting Tan , Xiaofang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse natural language processing tasks but face persistent challenges in inference efficiency due to their autoregressive nature. While speculative decoding and beam…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jaydip Sen , Harshitha Puvvala , Subhasis Dasgupta

Although current Video-LLMs achieve impressive performance in video understanding tasks, their autoregressive decoding efficiency remains constrained by the massive number of video tokens. Visual token pruning can partially ease this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Quan Kong , Yuhao Shen , Yicheng Ji , Huan Li , Cong Wang

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising masked token sequences. Although dLLMs can predict all masked positions in parallel within each step, the large number of denoising iterations still makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shengyin Sun , Yiming Li , Renxi Liu , Xinqi Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Weizhe Lin , Chen Chen , Xianzhi Yu , Mingxuan Yuan , Chen Ma

Speculative Decoding (SD) is a technique to accelerate the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using a lower complexity draft model to propose candidate tokens verified by a larger target model. To further improve efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xiaofan Lu , Yixiao Zeng , Feiyang Ma , Zixu Yu , Marco Levorato

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive inference by drafting candidate tokens with a fast model and verifying them in parallel with the target. Self-speculative methods avoid the need for an external drafter but have been studied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hector Borobia , Elies Seguí-Mas , Guillermina Tormo-Carbó

Reasoning language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on challenging tasks by generating elaborate chain-of-thought (CoT) solutions. However, such lengthy generation shifts the inference bottleneck from compute-bound to…

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate LLM inference without sacrificing output quality. Existing SD methods tailored for video-LLMs primarily focus on pruning redundant visual tokens to mitigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Qitan Lv , Tianyu Liu , Wen Wu , Xuenan Xu , Bowen Zhou , Feng Wu , Chao Zhang

Speculative Decoding (SD) has emerged as a critical technique for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. Unlike deterministic system optimizations, SD performance is inherently data-dependent, meaning that diverse and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Talor Abramovich , Maor Ashkenazi , Izzy Putterman , Benjamin Chislett , Tiyasa Mitra , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Ran Zilberstein , Yonatan Geifman

Recent advances in inference-time compute have significantly improved performance on complex tasks by generating long chains of thought (CoTs) using Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). However, this improved accuracy comes at the cost of high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rui Pan , Yinwei Dai , Zhihao Zhang , Gabriele Oliaro , Zhihao Jia , Ravi Netravali

Transformer-based autoregressive sampling has been the major bottleneck for slowing down large language model inferences. One effective way to accelerate inference is \emph{Speculative Decoding}, which employs a small model to sample a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ming Yin , Minshuo Chen , Kaixuan Huang , Mengdi Wang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but typically generate lengthy sequential chains-of-thought, resulting in long inference times before arriving at the final answer. To address this challenge, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Emil Biju , Shayan Talaei , Zhemin Huang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Azalia Mirhoseini , Amin Saberi

As large language models gain widespread adoption, running them efficiently becomes crucial. Recent works on LLM inference use speculative decoding to achieve extreme speedups. However, most of these works implicitly design their algorithms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Ruslan Svirschevski , Avner May , Zhuoming Chen , Beidi Chen , Zhihao Jia , Max Ryabinin

Diffusion LLMs (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful alternative to autoregressive LLMs (AR-LLMs) with the potential to operate at significantly higher token generation rates. However, currently available open-source dLLMs often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sudhanshu Agrawal , Risheek Garrepalli , Raghavv Goel , Mingu Lee , Christopher Lott , Fatih Porikli

Speculative Decoding (SD) has emerged as a widely used paradigm to accelerate the inference of large language models (LLMs) without compromising generation quality. It works by efficiently drafting multiple tokens using a compact model and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mingbo Song , Heming Xia , Jun Zhang , Chak Tou Leong , Qiancheng Xu , Wenjie Li , Sujian Li
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