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We propose a novel LLM-based framework for reasoning in discrete, game-theoretic tasks, illustrated with \emph{Tic-Tac-Toe}. The method integrates in-context learning with entropy-guided chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and adaptive context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tommaso Felice Banfi , Sashenka Gamage

Inventory management remains a challenge for many small and medium-sized businesses that lack the expertise to deploy advanced optimization methods. This paper investigates whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can help bridge this gap. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yaqi Duan , Yichun Hu , Jiashuo Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in problem-solving by incorporating reasoning processes. However, this enhanced reasoning capability results in an increased number of output tokens during inference, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jingxian Xu , Mengyu Zhou , Weichang Liu , Hanbing Liu , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Existing approaches to mathematical reasoning with large language models (LLMs) rely on Chain-of-Thought (CoT) for generalizability or Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) for precise computation. While efforts have been made to combine these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xin Xu , Yan Xu , Tianhao Chen , Yuchen Yan , Chengwu Liu , Zaoyu Chen , Yufei Wang , Yichun Yin , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Lu Yin

Recent research has shown that LLM performance on reasoning tasks can be enhanced by scaling test-time compute. One promising approach, particularly with decomposable problems, involves arranging intermediate solutions as a graph on which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Pedro Gimenes , Zeyu Cao , Jeffrey Wong , Yiren Zhao

With the scale capability of increasing training data, model size, and computational cost, video generation has achieved impressive results in digital creation, enabling users to express creativity across various domains. Recently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Fangfu Liu , Hanyang Wang , Yimo Cai , Kaiyan Zhang , Xiaohang Zhan , Yueqi Duan

Test-time scaling, which leverages additional computation during inference to improve model accuracy, has enabled a new class of Large Language Models (LLMs) that are able to reason through complex problems by understanding the goal,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shaltiel Shmidman , Asher Fredman , Oleg Sudakov , Meriem Bendris

LiTS is a modular Python framework for LLM reasoning via tree search. It decomposes tree search into three reusable components (Policy, Transition, and RewardModel) that plug into algorithms like MCTS and BFS. A decorator-based registry…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xinzhe Li , Yaguang Tao

Automatic performance tuning (auto-tuning) is essential for optimizing high-performance applications, where vast and irregular search spaces make manual exploration infeasible. While auto-tuners traditionally rely on classical approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Floris-Jan Willemsen , Niki van Stein , Ben van Werkhoven

We investigate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to serve as efficient simulators for agentic search tasks in reinforcement learning (RL), thereby reducing dependence on costly interactions with external search engines. To this…

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex tasks thanks to advances in their reasoning abilities. However, existing methods overlook the trade-off between reasoning effectiveness and efficiency, often encouraging unnecessarily long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jingyao Wang , Wenwen Qiang , Zeen Song , Changwen Zheng , Hui Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating coherent text, understanding context, and performing reasoning tasks. However, they struggle with temporal reasoning, which requires processing time-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adrián Bazaga , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

A common problem for agents operating in real-world environments is that the response of an environment to their actions may be non-deterministic and observed through noise. This renders environmental state and progress towards completing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 William E Bishop , Alice Li , Christopher Rawles , Oriana Riva

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

We show that multi-agent systems guided by vision-language models (VLMs) improve end-to-end autonomous scientific discovery. By treating plots as verifiable checkpoints, a VLM-as-a-judge evaluates figures against dynamically generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kahaan Gandhi , Boris Bolliet , Inigo Zubeldia

Test-time scaling (TTS), which involves dynamic allocation of compute during inference, offers a promising way to improve reasoning in large language models. While existing TTS methods work well, they often rely on long decoding paths or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Despite significant advances in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) driven by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), this paradigm is fundamentally limited in specialized or novel domains where such supervision is prohibitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Sikai Bai , Haoxi Li , Jie Zhang , Yongjiang Liu , Song Guo

Small language models (SLMs) are inherently limited in knowledge-intensive tasks due to their constrained capacity. While test-time computation offers a path to enhanced performance, most approaches treat reasoning as a fixed or heuristic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Alan Dao , Dinh Bach Vu , Alex Nguyen , Norapat Buppodom

In this project, our goal is to determine how to leverage the world-knowledge of pretrained large language models for efficient and robust learning in multiagent decision making. We examine this in a taxi routing and assignment problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Huangyuan Su , Aaron Walsman , Daniel Garces , Sham Kakade , Stephanie Gil

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) leverage tools, often in the form of APIs, to improve their reasoning capabilities on complex tasks. This enables them to act as intelligent agents interacting with the real world. The recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Sijia Chen , Yibo Wang , Yi-Feng Wu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang
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