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Robust text-to-SQL over complex, real-world databases remains brittle even with modern LLMs: iterative refinement often introduces syntactic and semantic drift, corrections tend to be non-transferable across queries, and naive use of large…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Isabelle Mohr , Joao Gandarela , John Dujany , Andre Freitas

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in translating natural language questions about relational databases into SQL queries. In particular, test-time scaling techniques such as Self-Consistency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on various tasks. To unleash their power on the Text-to-SQL task, we propose $R^3$ (Review-Rebuttal-Revision), a consensus-based multi-agent system for Text-to-SQL tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Hanchen Xia , Feng Jiang , Naihao Deng , Cunxiang Wang , Guojiang Zhao , Rada Mihalcea , Yue Zhang

SQL-to-Text generation aims at translating structured SQL queries into natural language descriptions, thereby facilitating comprehension of complex database operations for non-technical users. Although large language models (LLMs) have…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sriom Chakrabarti , Chuangtao Ma , Arijit Khan , Sebastian Link

Despite the significant advancements in Text-to-SQL (Text2SQL) facilitated by large language models (LLMs), the latest state-of-the-art techniques are still trapped in the in-context learning of closed-source LLMs (e.g., GPT-4), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yang Qin , Chao Chen , Zhihang Fu , Ze Chen , Dezhong Peng , Peng Hu , Jieping Ye

To tackle the challenges of large language model performance in natural language to SQL tasks, we introduce XiYan-SQL, an innovative framework that employs a multi-generator ensemble strategy to improve candidate generation. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yingqi Gao , Yifu Liu , Xiaoxia Li , Xiaorong Shi , Yin Zhu , Yiming Wang , Shiqi Li , Wei Li , Yuntao Hong , Zhiling Luo , Jinyang Gao , Liyu Mou , Yu Li

Prompt-based continual learning (CL) provides a parameter-efficient approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) across task sequences. However, most existing methods rely on task-aware inference and maintain a growing set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Anushka Tiwari , Sayantan Pal , Rohini K. Srihari , Kaiyi Ji

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is essential in online advertising, where semantic information plays a pivotal role in shaping user decisions and enhancing CTR effectiveness. Capturing and modeling deep semantic information, such as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Guoxiao Zhang , Yi Wei , Yadong Zhang , Huajian Feng , Qiang Liu

NoSQL databases have been widely adopted in big data analytics, geospatial applications, and healthcare services, due to their flexibility and scalability. However, querying NoSQL databases requires specialized technical expertise, creating…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xubang Xiong , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong , Yuanfeng Song

Text-to-SQL, which involves translating natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL), is crucial for enabling broad access to structured databases without expert knowledge. However, designing models for such tasks is challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Niklas Wretblad , Fredrik Gordh Riseby , Rahul Biswas , Amin Ahmadi , Oskar Holmström

Text-to-SQL prompt strategies based on Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance on well-known benchmarks. However, when applied to real-world databases, their performance is significantly less than for these benchmarks,…

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction holds a paramount position in recommender systems. The prevailing ID-based paradigm underperforms in cold-start scenarios due to the skewed distribution of feature frequency. Additionally, the utilization…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xingmei Wang , Weiwen Liu , Xiaolong Chen , Qi Liu , Xu Huang , Yichao Wang , Xiangyang Li , Yasheng Wang , Zhenhua Dong , Defu Lian , Ruiming Tang

LLMs when used with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), are greatly improving the SOTA of translating natural language queries to structured and correct SQL. Unlike previous reviews, this survey provides a comprehensive study of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Ali Mohammadjafari , Anthony S. Maida , Raju Gottumukkala

LLM alignment remains a critical challenge. Inference-time methods provide a flexible alternative to fine-tuning, but their uniform computational effort often yields suboptimal alignment. We hypothesize that for many alignment tasks, the…

Recent text-to-SQL models have achieved strong performance, but their effectiveness remains largely confined to SQLite due to dataset limitations. However, real-world applications require SQL generation across multiple dialects with varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jipeng Zhang , Haolin Yang , Kehao Miao , Ruiyuan Zhang , Renjie Pi , Jiahui Gao , Xiaofang Zhou

Real-world clinical text-to-SQL requires reasoning over heterogeneous EHR tables, temporal windows, and patient-similarity cohorts to produce executable queries. We introduce CLINSQL, a benchmark of 633 expert-annotated tasks on MIMIC-IV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yifei Shen , Yilun Zhao , Justice Ou , Tinglin Huang , Arman Cohan

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) technology empowers non-expert users to query relational databases without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved NL2SQL algorithms, their rapid development…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shizheng Hou , Wenqi Pei , Nuo Chen , Quang-Trung Ta , Peng Lu , Beng Chin Ooi

Large Language Models (LLMs) can translate natural language into SQL, but small models struggle with multi-table and complex queries in Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) settings. While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) helps, it falls short for harder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Simone Papicchio , Simone Rossi , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Papotti

Converting natural language (NL) questions into SQL queries, referred to as Text-to-SQL, has emerged as a pivotal technology for facilitating access to relational databases, especially for users without SQL knowledge. Recent progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yiming Huang , Jiyu Guo , Wenxin Mao , Cuiyun Gao , Peiyi Han , Chuanyi Liu , Qing Ling

Text-to-SQL aims to automate the process of generating SQL queries on a database from natural language text. In this work, we propose "SQLPrompt", tailored to improve the few-shot prompting capabilities of Text-to-SQL for Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Ruoxi Sun , Sercan Ö. Arik , Rajarishi Sinha , Hootan Nakhost , Hanjun Dai , Pengcheng Yin , Tomas Pfister