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Sentence embeddings encode natural language sentences as low-dimensional dense vectors. A great deal of effort has been put into using sentence embeddings to improve several important natural language processing tasks. Relation extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Alexander Kalinowski , Yuan An

Distributional semantics based on neural approaches is a cornerstone of Natural Language Processing, with surprising connections to human meaning representation as well. Recent Transformer-based Language Models have proven capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Daniel Loureiro , Alípio Mário Jorge , Jose Camacho-Collados

Randomized smoothing is considered to be the state-of-the-art provable defense against adversarial perturbations. However, it heavily exploits the fact that classifiers map input objects to class probabilities and do not focus on the ones…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Mikhail Pautov , Olesya Kuznetsova , Nurislam Tursynbek , Aleksandr Petiushko , Ivan Oseledets

Mining suggestion expressing sentences from a given text is a less investigated sentence classification task, and therefore lacks hand labeled benchmark datasets. In this work, we propose and evaluate two approaches for distant supervision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Sapna Negi , Paul Buitelaar

Text embeddings are numerical representations of text data, where words, phrases, or entire documents are converted into vectors of real numbers. These embeddings capture semantic meanings and relationships between text elements in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Fusheng Wei , Robert Neary , Han Qin , Qiang Mao , Jianping Zhang

Text embedding models are designed for sentence-level applications like retrieval and semantic similarity, and are primarily evaluated on sentence-level benchmarks. Their behavior on isolated words is less understood. We show that simply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Rajeev Ranjan

We introduce a novel approach for building language models based on a systematic, recursive exploration of skip n-gram models which are interpolated using modified Kneser-Ney smoothing. Our approach generalizes language models as it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-04-15 Rene Pickhardt , Thomas Gottron , Martin Körner , Paul Georg Wagner , Till Speicher , Steffen Staab

Word embedding models offer continuous vector representations that can capture rich contextual semantics based on their word co-occurrence patterns. While these word vectors can provide very effective features used in many NLP tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Cem Safak Sahin , Rajmonda S. Caceres , Brandon Oselio , William M. Campbell

Image embeddings are generally assumed to pose limited privacy risk. We challenge this assumption by formalizing semantic leakage as the ability to recover semantic structures from compressed image embeddings. Surprisingly, we show that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yiyi Chen , Qiongkai Xu , Desmond Elliott , Qiongxiu Li , Johannes Bjerva

Word embeddings have been shown to produce remarkable results in tackling a vast majority of NLP related tasks. Unfortunately, word embeddings also capture the stereotypical biases that are prevalent in society, affecting the predictive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Navya Yarrabelly , Vinay Damodaran , Feng-Guang Su

Word Embeddings are used widely in multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. They are coordinates associated with each word in a dictionary, inferred from statistical properties of these words in a large corpus. In this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Adam Sutton , Nello Cristianini

With the exponential growth in data volume and the emergence of data-intensive applications, particularly in the field of machine learning, concerns related to resource utilization, privacy, and fairness have become paramount. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Kaan Kale , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Noel Elias , Oguzhan Baser , Muriel Medard , Sriram Vishwanath

Psychological research consistently finds that human ratings of words across diverse semantic scales can be reduced to a low-dimensional form with relatively little information loss. We find that the semantic associations encoded in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Austin C. Kozlowski , Callin Dai , Andrei Boutyline

A novel sentence embedding method built upon semantic subspace analysis, called semantic subspace sentence embedding (S3E), is proposed in this work. Given the fact that word embeddings can capture semantic relationship while semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Bin Wang , Fenxiao Chen , Yuncheng Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Word embeddings allow natural language processing systems to share statistical information across related words. These embeddings are typically based on distributional statistics, making it difficult for them to generalize to rare or unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Parminder Bhatia , Robert Guthrie , Jacob Eisenstein

We propose a novel generative model to explore both local and global context for joint learning topics and topic-specific word embeddings. In particular, we assume that global latent topics are shared across documents, a word is generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lixing Zhu , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou

Linguistic similarity is multi-faceted. For instance, two words may be similar with respect to semantics, syntax, or morphology inter alia. Continuous word-embeddings have been shown to capture most of these shades of similarity to some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Ryan Cotterell , Hinrich Schütze

A measure of similarity between text embeddings can be considered adequate only if it adheres to the human perception of similarity between texts. In this paper, we introduce the distance-to-distance ratio (DDR), a novel measure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Abdullah Qureshi , Kenneth Rice , Alexander Wolpert

Smoothed analysis is a framework for analyzing the complexity of an algorithm, acting as a bridge between average and worst-case behaviour. For example, Quicksort and the Simplex algorithm are widely used in practical applications, despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-29 Bichen Shi , Michel Schellekens , Georgiana Ifrim

Recent approaches for sentiment lexicon induction have capitalized on pre-trained word embeddings that capture latent semantic properties. However, embeddings obtained by optimizing performance of a given task (e.g. predicting contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-09 Silvio Amir , Rámon Astudillo , Wang Ling , Paula C. Carvalho , Mário J. Silva