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Related papers: Ask Early, Ask Late, Ask Right: When Does Clarific…

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Long-horizon enterprise agents make high-stakes decisions (loan underwriting, claims adjudication, clinical review, prior authorization) under lossy memory, multi-step reasoning, and binding regulatory constraints. Current evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Vasundra Srininvasan

A large-scale conversational agent can suffer from understanding user utterances with various ambiguities such as ASR ambiguity, intent ambiguity, and hypothesis ambiguity. When ambiguities are detected, the agent should engage in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Joo-Kyung Kim , Guoyin Wang , Sungjin Lee , Young-Bum Kim

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

Resolving ambiguities through interaction is a hallmark of natural language, and modeling this behavior is a core challenge in crafting AI assistants. In this work, we study such behavior in LMs by proposing a task-agnostic framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

The evolution of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced the planning capabilities of language agents in diverse real-world scenarios. Despite these advancements, the potential of LLM-powered agents to comprehend ambiguous user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Xuan Zhang , Yang Deng , Zifeng Ren , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Clarification-seeking behavior is widely regarded as a desirable property of LLM agents, enabling them to resolve ambiguity before acting on underspecified tasks. However, the security implications of this interaction pattern remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Zhengyang Shan , Heming Liu , Dileepa Lakshan , Joseph Brandifino , Max Fenkell

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tool learning. In real-world scenarios, user queries are often ambiguous and incomplete, requiring effective clarification. However, existing interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xuan Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Zhe Zheng , Linjuan Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yuchen Yan , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

Complex, long-horizon planning and its combinatorial nature pose steep challenges for learning-based agents. Difficulties in such settings are exacerbated in low data regimes where over-fitting stifles generalization and compounding errors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Joey Hejna , Pieter Abbeel , Lerrel Pinto

While agent evaluation has shifted toward long-horizon tasks, most benchmarks still emphasize local, step-level reasoning rather than the global constrained optimization (e.g., time and financial budgets) that demands genuine planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yinger Zhang , Shutong Jiang , Renhao Li , Jianhong Tu , Yang Su , Lianghao Deng , Xudong Guo , Chenxu Lv , Junyang Lin

Tool-augmented LLM agents tend to call tools indiscriminately, even when the model can answer directly. Each unnecessary call wastes API fees and latency, yet no existing benchmark systematically studies when a tool call is actually needed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chung-En Sun , Linbo Liu , Ge Yan , Zimo Wang , Tsui-Wei Weng

Many emerging applications of AI--from scientific discovery to medical diagnosis--require agents to seek information strategically: forming hypotheses, asking targeted questions, and making decisions under uncertainty. In high-stakes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Gabriel Grand , Valerio Pepe , Jacob Andreas , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Real-world requests to AI agents are fundamentally underspecified. Natural human communication relies on shared context and unstated constraints that speakers expect listeners to infer. Current agentic benchmarks test explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ved Sirdeshmukh , Marc Wetter

Is explainability a false promise? This debate has emerged from the insufficient evidence that explanations help people in situations they are introduced for. More human-centered, application-grounded evaluations of explanations are needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Fateme Hashemi Chaleshtori , Atreya Ghosal , Alexander Gill , Purbid Bambroo , Ana Marasović

Long-horizon conversational agents require persistent memory for coherent reasoning, yet uncontrolled accumulation causes temporal decay and false memory propagation. Benchmarks such as LOCOMO and LOCCO report performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Modern AI agents increasingly combine conversational interaction with autonomous task execution, such as coding and web research, raising a natural question: What happens when an agent engaged in long-horizon tasks is exposed to user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hyejun Jeong , Amir Houmansadr , Shlomo Zilberstein , Eugene Bagdasarian

Current agentic AI benchmarks predominantly evaluate task completion accuracy, while overlooking critical enterprise requirements such as cost-efficiency, reliability, and operational stability. Through systematic analysis of 12 main…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sushant Mehta

The ultimate goal of embodied agents is to create collaborators that can interact with humans, not mere executors that passively follow instructions. This requires agents to communicate, coordinate, and adapt their actions based on human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xingyao Lin , Xinghao Zhu , Tianyi Lu , Sicheng Xie , Hui Zhang , Xipeng Qiu , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Explicit planning is a critical capability for LLM-based agents solving complex data-centric tasks, which require precise tool calling over external data sources. Existing strategies fall into two paradigms based on planning horizon: (1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Naoki Otani , Nikita Bhutani , Hannah Kim , Dan Zhang , Estevam Hruschka

State-of-the-art reasoning LLMs are powerful problem solvers, but they still occasionally make mistakes. However, adopting AI models in risk-sensitive domains often requires error rates near 0%. To address this gap, we propose collaboration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Michael J. Zellinger , Matt Thomson

Users often formulate their search queries with immature language without well-developed keywords and complete structures. Such queries fail to express their true information needs and raise ambiguity as fragmental language often yield…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Zhenduo Wang , Qingyao Ai
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