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Individuals are turning to increasingly anthropomorphic, general-purpose chatbots for AI companionship, rather than roleplay-specific platforms. However, not much is known about how individuals perceive and conduct their relationships with…

Chatbots are more and more prevalent in commercial and science contexts. They help customers complain about a product or service or support them to find the best travel deals. Other bots provide mental health support or help book medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Doris Dippold

The quickly growing popularity of AI companions poses risks to mental health, personal wellbeing, and social relationships. Past work has identified many individual factors that can drive human-companion interaction, but we know little…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang , Fiona Li , Jacy Reese Anthis , Hayoun Noh

Artificial intelligence chatbots have achieved unprecedented adoption, with millions now using these systems for emotional support and companionship in contexts of widespread social isolation and capacity-constrained mental health services.…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) necessitates determining whether systems function as tools or collaborative teammates. In this study, by synthesizing Human-AI Interaction (HAI) literature, we analyze this distinction across…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Most. Sharmin Sultana Samu , Nafisa Khan , Kazi Toufique Elahi , Tasnuva Binte Rahman , Md. Rakibul Islam , Farig Sadeque

Successful deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in various settings has led to numerous positive outcomes for individuals and society. However, AI systems have also been shown to harm parts of the population due to biased predictions.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ondrej Bohdal , Timothy Hospedales , Philip H. S. Torr , Fazl Barez

Companion chatbots offer a potential solution to the growing epidemic of loneliness, but their impact on users' psychosocial well-being remains poorly understood, raising critical ethical questions about their deployment and design. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Auren R. Liu , Pat Pataranutaporn , Pattie Maes

Conversational chatbots are Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered applications that assist users with various tasks by responding in natural language and are prevalent across different industries. Most of the chatbots that we encounter on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Sarada Devaram

The relationship between humans and artificial intelligence is no longer science fiction -- it's a growing reality reshaping how we live and work. AI has moved beyond research labs into everyday life, powering customer service chats,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Cosimo Spera , Garima Agrawal

Chatbots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have rapidly become a significant part of everyday life, with over a quarter of American adults using them multiple times per week. While these tools offer potential benefits and risks, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Joseph Heffner , Chongyu Qin , Martin Chadwick , Chris Knutsen , Christopher Summerfield , Zeb Kurth-Nelson , Robb B. Rutledge

Conversational AI is increasingly deployed in emotionally charged and ethically sensitive interactions. Previous research has primarily concentrated on emotional benchmarks or static safety checks, overlooking how alignment unfolds in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiawen Deng , Wentao Zhang , Ziyun Jiao , Fuji Ren

The accelerated development, deployment and adoption of artificial intelligence systems has been fuelled by the increasing involvement of big tech. This has been accompanied by increasing ethical concerns and intensified societal and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Alex Hernandez-Garcia , Alexandra Volokhova , Ezekiel Williams , Dounia Shaaban Kabakibo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) for supporting healthcare services has never been more necessitated than by the recent global pandemic. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in AI-enabled Chatbots in healthcare proposed during the last 10 years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Basabdatta Sen Bhattacharya , Vibhav Sinai Pissurlenkar

This study investigates the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered, multi-role chatbots as a means to enhance learning experiences and foster engagement in computer science education. Leveraging a design-based research approach, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Cassie Chen Cao , Zijian Ding , Jionghao Lin , Frank Hopfgartner

The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in our daily life through various applications, services, and products explains the significance of trust/distrust in AI from a user perspective. AI-driven systems (as opposed to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Saleh Afroogh , Ali Akbari , Evan Malone , Mohammadali Kargar , Hananeh Alambeigi

Innovations in AI have focused primarily on the questions of "what" and "how"-algorithms for finding patterns in web searches, for instance-without adequate attention to the possible harms (such as privacy, bias, or manipulation) and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Suresh Venkatasubramanian , Nadya Bliss , Helen Nissenbaum , Melanie Moses

The field of AI is undergoing a fundamental transition from generative models that can produce synthetic content to artificial agents that can plan and execute complex tasks with only limited human involvement. Companies that pioneered the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Noam Kolt

Objective: Domestic abuse cases have risen significantly over the last four years, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges for victims and survivors in accessing support. In this study, we investigate the role that chatbots…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Rahime Belen Saglam , Jason R. C. Nurse , Lisa Sugiura

This is a speculative essay on interface design and artificial intelligence. Recently there has been a surge of attention to chatbots based on large language models, including widely reported unsavory interactions. We contend that part of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Fernanda Viégas , Martin Wattenberg

Conversational agents, such as chatbots and virtual assistants, have become essential in software development, boosting productivity, collaboration, and automating various tasks. This paper examines the role of adaptive AI-powered…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Omar Elsisi , Glaucia Melo