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Software Defined Networking (SDN) has brought significant advancements in network management and programmability. However, this evolution has also heightened vulnerability to Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), sophisticated and stealthy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hedyeh Nazari , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Gautam Srivastava

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their "low-and-slow" attack patterns and frequent use of zero-day exploits. We present UNICORN, an anomaly-based APT detector that effectively leverages data provenance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Xueyuan Han , Thomas Pasquier , Adam Bates , James Mickens , Margo Seltzer

Anomaly detection on dynamic graphs refers to detecting entities whose behaviors obviously deviate from the norms observed within graphs and their temporal information. This field has drawn increasing attention due to its application in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Shiqi Lou , Qingyue Zhang , Shujie Yang , Yuyang Tian , Zhaoxuan Tan , Minnan Luo

Detecting unusual patterns in graph data is a crucial task in data mining. However, existing methods face challenges in consistently achieving satisfactory performance and often lack interpretability, which hinders our understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yifei Yang , Peng Wang , Xiaofan He , Dongmian Zou

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are stealthy and multi-stage, making single-point defenses (e.g., malware- or traffic-based detectors) ill-suited to capture long-range and cross-entity attack semantics. Provenance-graph analysis has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Mingqi Lv , Shanshan Zhang , Haiwen Liu , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu

Recent provenance-based intrusion detection systems (PIDSs) have demonstrated strong potential for detecting advanced persistent threats (APTs) by applying machine learning to system provenance graphs. However, evaluating and comparing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Tristan Bilot , Baoxiang Jiang , Thomas Pasquier

As cyber attacks grow increasingly sophisticated and stealthy, it becomes more imperative and challenging to detect intrusion from normal behaviors. Through fine-grained causality analysis, provenance-based intrusion detection systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Lingzhi Wang , Xiangmin Shen , Weijian Li , Zhenyuan Li , R. Sekar , Han Liu , Yan Chen

We present ANUBIS, a highly effective machine learning-based APT detection system. Our design philosophy for ANUBIS involves two principal components. Firstly, we intend ANUBIS to be effectively utilized by cyber-response teams. Therefore,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Md. Monowar Anjum , Shahrear Iqbal , Benoit Hamelin

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) has achieved success and has been widely applied in various domains, such as fraud detection, cybersecurity, finance security, and biochemistry. However, existing graph anomaly detection algorithms focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Xing Ai , Jialong Zhou , Yulin Zhu , Gaolei Li , Tomasz P. Michalak , Xiapu Luo , Kai Zhou

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their complexity and stealthiness. To mitigate such attacks, many approaches model entities and their relationship using provenance graphs to detect the stealthy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Wei Qiao , Weiheng Wu , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are a main impendence in cyber security of computer networks. In 2015, a successful breach remains undetected 146 days on average, reported by [Fi16].With our work we demonstrate a feasible and fast way to…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Timo Schindler

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have garnered intensive attention for Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) due to their suitability for representing the network traffic flows. However, most present GNN-based methods for NIDS are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Renjie Xu , Guangwei Wu , Weiping Wang , Xing Gao , An He , Zhengpeng Zhang

APT detection is difficult to detect due to the long-term latency, covert and slow multistage attack patterns of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT). To tackle these issues, we propose TBDetector, a transformer-based advanced persistent threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Nan Wang , Xuezhi Wen , Dalin Zhang , Xibin Zhao , Jiahui Ma , Mengxia Luo , Fan Xu , Sen Nie , Shi Wu , Jiqiang Liu

Nowadays, every organization might be attacked through its network printers. The malicious exploitation of printing protocols is a dangerous and underestimated threat against every printer today, as highlighted by recent published…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Asaf Hecht , Adi Sagi , Yuval Elovici

Anomalies represent rare observations (e.g., data records or events) that deviate significantly from others. Over several decades, research on anomaly mining has received increasing interests due to the implications of these occurrences in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Xiaoxiao Ma , Jia Wu , Shan Xue , Jian Yang , Chuan Zhou , Quan Z. Sheng , Hui Xiong , Leman Akoglu

Unsupervised graph anomaly detection aims at identifying rare patterns that deviate from the majority in a graph without the aid of labels, which is important for a variety of real-world applications. Recent advances have utilized Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuanchen Bei , Sheng Zhou , Jinke Shi , Yao Ma , Haishuai Wang , Jiajun Bu

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are vital for ensuring enterprise security. Recently, Graph-based NIDS (GIDS) have attracted considerable attention because of their capability to effectively capture the complex relationships…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Chenglong Wang , Pujia Zheng , Jiaping Gui , Cunqing Hua , Wajih Ul Hassan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated strong performance across tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification, but remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks that implant imperceptible triggers during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xiaobao Wang , Ruoxiao Sun , Yujun Zhang , Bingdao Feng , Dongxiao He , Luzhi Wang , Di Jin

Provenance graphs are structured audit logs that describe the history of a system's execution. Recent studies have explored a variety of techniques to analyze provenance graphs for automated host intrusion detection, focusing particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Zijun Cheng , Qiujian Lv , Jinyuan Liang , Yan Wang , Degang Sun , Thomas Pasquier , Xueyuan Han

With the flourishing prosperity of generative models, manipulated facial images have become increasingly accessible, raising concerns regarding privacy infringement and societal trust. In response, proactive defense strategies embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yue Li , Linying Xue , Dongdong Lin , Qiushi Li , Hui Tian , Hongxia Wang