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Large language models (LLMs) with instruction fine-tuning demonstrate superior generative capabilities. However, these models are resource-intensive. To alleviate this issue, we explore distilling knowledge from instruction-tuned LLMs into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Minghao Wu , Abdul Waheed , Chiyu Zhang , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Alham Fikri Aji

Knowledge Distillation (KD) for Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly important as models grow in size and complexity. While existing distillation approaches focus on imitating teacher behavior, they often overlook the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yuang Cai , Yuyu Yuan

We introduce the Concept Bottleneck Large Language Model (CB-LLM), a pioneering approach to creating inherently interpretable Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike traditional black-box LLMs that rely on post-hoc interpretation methods with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Chung-En Sun , Tuomas Oikarinen , Tsui-Wei Weng

Standard Knowledge Distillation (KD) compresses Large Language Models (LLMs) by optimizing final outputs, yet it typically treats the teacher's intermediate layer's thought process as a black box. While feature-based distillation attempts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Manish Dhakal , Uthman Jinadu , Anjila Budathoki , Rajshekhar Sunderraman , Yi Ding

Knowledge distillation (KD) is known as a promising solution to compress large language models (LLMs) via transferring their knowledge to smaller models. During this process, white-box KD methods usually minimize the distance between the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Songming Zhang , Xue Zhang , Zengkui Sun , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, where a LLM makes predictions for a given test input together with a few input-output pairs (demonstrations). Nevertheless, the inclusion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yichuan Li , Xiyao Ma , Sixing Lu , Kyumin Lee , Xiaohu Liu , Chenlei Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in automatic bundle generation but suffer from prohibitive computational costs. Although knowledge distillation offers a pathway to more efficient student models, our preliminary study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaidong Feng , Zhu Sun , Hui Fang , Jie Yang , Wenyuan Liu , Yew-Soon Ong

Despite the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), they still face challenges related to high inference costs and memory requirements. To address these issues, Knowledge Distillation (KD) has emerged as a popular method for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Jahyun Koo , Yerin Hwang , Yongil Kim , Taegwan Kang , Hyunkyung Bae , Kyomin Jung

Knowledge distillation involves transferring the predictive capabilities of large, high-performing AI models (teachers) to smaller models (students) that can operate in environments with limited computing power. In this paper, we address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pattarawat Chormai , Ali Hashemi , Klaus-Robert Müller , Grégoire Montavon

The current era of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is dominated by Transformer models. However, novel architectures relying on recurrent mechanisms, such as xLSTM and Mamba, have been proposed as alternatives to attention-based models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Abdoul Majid O. Thiombiano , Brahim Hnich , Ali Ben Mrad , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer

Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Boris Nazarov , Darya Frolova , Yackov Lubarsky , Alexei Gaissinski , Pavel Kisilev

Large language models have led to significant progress across many NLP tasks, although their massive sizes often incur substantial computational costs. Distillation has become a common practice to compress these large and highly capable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zishun Yu , Shangzhe Li , Xinhua Zhang

Continual learning (CL) aims to enable learning systems to acquire new knowledge constantly without forgetting previously learned information. CL faces the challenge of mitigating catastrophic forgetting while maintaining interpretability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Lu Yu , Haoyu Han , Zhe Tao , Hantao Yao , Changsheng Xu

The ongoing evolution of language models has led to the development of large-scale architectures that demonstrate exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks. However, these models come with significant computational and energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xialie Zhuang , Peixian Ma , Zhikai Jia , Zane Cao , Shiwei Liu

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student. In language modeling, the student is trained either on tokens sampled from the teacher (hard labels) or the teacher's full next-token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Guanghui Wang , Kaiwen Lv Kacuila , Zhiyong Yang , Zitai Wang , Jin-Wen Wu , Longtao Huang , Qianqian Xu , Qingming Huang

The advancement of knowledge distillation has played a crucial role in enabling the transfer of knowledge from larger teacher models to smaller and more efficient student models, and is particularly beneficial for online and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Wanli Ma , Oktay Karakus , Paul L. Rosin

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in resource-constrained environments is hindered by heavy computational and memory requirements. We present LBLLM, a lightweight binarization framework that achieves effective W(1+1)A4 quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Yong Lang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their remarkable capabilities in diverse domains, encompassing natural language understanding, translation, and even code generation. The potential for LLMs to generate harmful content is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mingke Yang , Yuqi Chen , Yi Liu , Ling Shi

Knowledge distillation from Large Language Models (LLMs) to smaller models has emerged as a critical technique for deploying efficient AI systems. However, current methods for distillation via synthetic data lack pedagogical awareness,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Bowei He , Yankai Chen , Xiaokun Zhang , Linghe Kong , Philip S. Yu , Xue Liu , Chen Ma

Recently, the advance in deep learning has brought a considerable improvement in the end-to-end speech recognition field, simplifying the traditional pipeline while producing promising results. Among the end-to-end models, the connectionist…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Ji Won Yoon , Beom Jun Woo , Sunghwan Ahn , Hyeonseung Lee , Nam Soo Kim
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