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Advanced reasoning typically requires Chain-of-Thought prompting, which is accurate but incurs prohibitive latency and substantial test-time inference costs. The standard alternative, fine-tuning smaller models, often sacrifices…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sanket Badhe , Deep Shah

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective model compression method that can transfer the internal capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to smaller ones. However, the multi-modal probability distribution predicted by teacher LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Tianyu Peng , Jiajun Zhang

Many real-world applications such as robotics provide hard constraints on power and compute that limit the viable model complexity of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. Similarly, in many distributed RL settings, acting is done on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Emilio Parisotto , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Distillation is an effective knowledge-transfer technique that uses predicted distributions of a powerful teacher model as soft targets to train a less-parameterized student model. A pre-trained high capacity teacher, however, is not always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Defang Chen , Jian-Ping Mei , Can Wang , Yan Feng , Chun Chen

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has made remarkable progress in visual representation learning. Some studies combine SSL with knowledge distillation (SSL-KD) to boost the representation learning performance of small models. In this study, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Kaiyou Song , Jin Xie , Shan Zhang , Zimeng Luo

Continual supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the de facto recipe for adapting large language models (LLMs) to a stream of downstream tasks, but it suffers from catastrophic forgetting of earlier capabilities. Recent work shows that on-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yan Chen , Taojie Zhu , Meng Zhang , Xin Chen , Jiaqi Huang , Dongyang Xu , Yizhi Wang

Although large foundation models pre-trained by self-supervised learning have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks including automatic speech recognition (ASR), knowledge distillation (KD) is often required in practice to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Xiaoyu Yang , Qiujia Li , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

Knowledge distillation (KD) has gained much attention due to its effectiveness in compressing large-scale pre-trained models. In typical KD methods, the small student model is trained to match the soft targets generated by the big teacher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Yitao Liu , Tianxiang Sun , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Knowledge Distillation (KD) has been used in image classification for model compression. However, rare studies apply this technology on single-stage object detectors. Focal loss shows that the accumulated errors of easily-classified samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Shitao Tang , Litong Feng , Wenqi Shao , Zhanghui Kuang , Wei Zhang , Yimin Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) can transfer their reasoning skills to smaller models by teaching them to generate the intermediate reasoning process required to solve multistep reasoning tasks. While LLMs can accurately solve reasoning tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Shivam Adarsh , Kumar Shridhar , Caglar Gulcehre , Nicholas Monath , Mrinmaya Sachan

Self-distillation bootstraps large language models (LLMs) by training on their own generations. However, existing methods either rely on external signals to curate self-generated outputs (e.g., correctness filtering, execution feedback, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Guangya Hao , Yitong Shang , Yunbo Long , Zhuokai Zhao , Hanxue Liang

Diffusion-based image super-resolution (SR) methods have shown promise in reconstructing high-resolution images with fine details from low-resolution counterparts. However, these approaches typically require tens or even hundreds of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Xiao He , Huaao Tang , Zhijun Tu , Junchao Zhang , Kun Cheng , Hanting Chen , Yong Guo , Mingrui Zhu , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao , Jie Hu

Distillation addresses the slow sampling problem in diffusion models by creating models with smaller size or fewer steps that approximate the behavior of high-step teachers. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Amirhossein Tighkhorshid , Zahra Dehghanian , Gholamali Aminian , Chengchun Shi , Hamid R. Rabiee

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale up and gain powerful Chain-of-Thoughts (CoTs) reasoning abilities, practical resource constraints drive efforts to distill these capabilities into more compact Smaller Language Models (SLMs). We find…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengwei Dai , Kun Li , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a promising technique for reducing the high computational demand of large language models (LLMs). However, previous KD methods are primarily applied to white-box classification models or training small models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Minlie Huang

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a fundamental technique for compressing large language models (LLMs) into compact, efficient student models. However, existing white-box KD methods mainly focus on balancing ground truth and student-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Lingyuan Liu , Mengxiang Zhang

Policy distillation in deep reinforcement learning provides an effective way to transfer control policies from a larger network to a smaller untrained network without a significant degradation in performance. However, policy distillation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Yuxiang Sun , Pooyan Fazli

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is one proposed solution to large model sizes and slow inference speed in semantic segmentation. In our research we identify 25 proposed distillation loss terms from 14 publications in the last 4 years.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Onno Niemann , Christopher Vox , Thorben Werner

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by pairing a target model with a lightweight draft model whose proposed tokens are verified in parallel. A common way to build draft models, like EAGLE3 or DFlash is supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haodi Lei , Yafy Li , Haoran Zhang , Shunkai Zhang , Qianjia Cheng , Xiaoye Qu , Ganqu Cui , Bowen Zhou , Ning Ding , Yun Luo , Yu Cheng

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by encouraging step-by-step reasoning in natural language. However, leveraging a latent continuous space for reasoning may offer benefits in terms of both efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhenyi Shen , Hanqi Yan , Linhai Zhang , Zhanghao Hu , Yali Du , Yulan He