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Recent advances in molecular generative models have demonstrated great promise for accelerating scientific discovery, particularly in drug design. However, these models often struggle to generate high-quality molecules, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zian Li , Cai Zhou , Xiyuan Wang , Xingang Peng , Muhan Zhang

Deep generative models have recently been applied to molecule design. If the molecules are encoded in linear SMILES strings, modeling becomes convenient. However, models relying on string representations tend to generate invalid samples and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bo Pang , Tian Han , Ying Nian Wu

Prediction of a molecule's 3D conformer ensemble from the molecular graph holds a key role in areas of cheminformatics and drug discovery. Existing generative models have several drawbacks including lack of modeling important molecular…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been used extensively for addressing problems in drug design and discovery. Both ligand and target molecules are represented as graphs with node and edge features encoding information about atomic elements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Dhananjay Bhaskar , Jackson D. Grady , Michael A. Perlmutter , Smita Krishnaswamy

Generative models, especially diffusion models (DMs), have achieved promising results for generating feature-rich geometries and advancing foundational science problems such as molecule design. Inspired by the recent huge success of Stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Minkai Xu , Alexander Powers , Ron Dror , Stefano Ermon , Jure Leskovec

We consider molecule generation in 3D space using language models (LMs), which requires discrete tokenization of 3D molecular geometries. Although tokenization of molecular graphs exists, that for 3D geometries is largely unexplored. Here,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xiner Li , Limei Wang , Youzhi Luo , Carl Edwards , Shurui Gui , Yuchao Lin , Heng Ji , Shuiwang Ji

Machine learning in drug discovery has been focused on virtual screening of molecular libraries using discriminative models. Generative models are an entirely different approach that learn to represent and optimize molecules in a continuous…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-17 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes

With the recent advances in machine learning for quantum chemistry, it is now possible to predict the chemical properties of compounds and to generate novel molecules. Existing generative models mostly use a string- or graph-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-14 Vitali Nesterov , Mario Wieser , Volker Roth

Deep generative models have been applied with increasing success to the generation of two dimensional molecules as SMILES strings and molecular graphs. In this work we describe for the first time a deep generative model that can generate 3D…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Tomohide Masuda , Matthew Ragoza , David Ryan Koes

Generative models are becoming a tool of choice for exploring the molecular space. These models learn on a large training dataset and produce novel molecular structures with similar properties. Generated structures can be utilized for…

Representation and generative learning, as reconstruction-based methods, have demonstrated their potential for mutual reinforcement across various domains. In the field of point cloud processing, although existing studies have adopted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Hongliang Zeng , Ping Zhang , Fang Li , Jiahua Wang , Tingyu Ye , Pengteng Guo

The pretraining-finetuning paradigm has powered major advances in domains such as natural language processing and computer vision, with representative examples including masked language modeling and next-token prediction. In molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shaoheng Yan , Zian Li , Muhan Zhang

Generative models for molecules based on sequential line notation (e.g. SMILES) or graph representation have attracted an increasing interest in the field of structure-based drug design, but they struggle to capture important 3D spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Wei Feng , Lvwei Wang , Zaiyun Lin , Yanhao Zhu , Han Wang , Jianqiang Dong , Rong Bai , Huting Wang , Jielong Zhou , Wei Peng , Bo Huang , Wenbiao Zhou

Deep learning has proven to yield fast and accurate predictions of quantum-chemical properties to accelerate the discovery of novel molecules and materials. As an exhaustive exploration of the vast chemical space is still infeasible, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-10 Niklas W. A. Gebauer , Michael Gastegger , Kristof T. Schütt

Synthesizability remains a critical bottleneck in generative molecular design. While recent advances have addressed synthesizability in 2D graphs, extending these constraints to 3D for geometry-based conditional generation remains largely…

Learning representations of molecular structures using deep learning is a fundamental problem in molecular property prediction tasks. Molecules inherently exist in the real world as three-dimensional structures; furthermore, they are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Daiki Koge , Naoaki Ono , Shigehiko Kanaya

Recently, molecule generation using deep learning has been actively investigated in drug discovery. In this field, Transformer and VAE are widely used as powerful models, but they are rarely used in combination due to structural and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-08 Yasuhiro Yoshikai , Tadahaya Mizuno , Shumpei Nemoto , Hiroyuki Kusuhara

Generative models have achieved impressive results in many domains including image and text generation. In the natural sciences, generative models have led to rapid progress in automated drug discovery. Many of the current methods focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Jordan Hoffmann , Louis Maestrati , Yoshihide Sawada , Jian Tang , Jean Michel Sellier , Yoshua Bengio

Molecule pretraining has quickly become the go-to schema to boost the performance of AI-based drug discovery. Naturally, molecules can be represented as 2D topological graphs or 3D geometric point clouds. Although most existing pertaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Shengchao Liu , Weitao Du , Zhiming Ma , Hongyu Guo , Jian Tang

Molecular representation pretraining is critical in various applications for drug and material discovery due to the limited number of labeled molecules, and most existing work focuses on pretraining on 2D molecular graphs. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Shengchao Liu , Hongyu Guo , Jian Tang
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